U-852 was proceeding to the Indian Ocean to join the Monsun wolfpack when its commander committed an act that made it infamous. An investigation into a Swedish-Estonian ferry that sank into the Baltic Sea 27 years ago turned up no new evidence that would contradict the official investigation report, the Associated Press. U-85 had a displacement of 753 tonnes (741 long tons) when at the surface and 857 tonnes (843 long tons) while submerged. Despite frequent disturbance as a popular dive site, the wreck retains archaeological integrity and to this day remains an important and poignant war grave. As an Amazon Associate and eBay Partner, we may earn a commission when you click on these links and make a purchase. U-352 was part of Group Schlei and was ordered, along with twelve other U-boats, to converge on an area West of Rockall and to begin looking for convoys. comments sorted by Best Top New Controversial Q&A Add a Comment . As a result, rather than rescuing the crew of the U-85, Roper rode right through the mass of sailors in the water and dropped an additional 11 depth charges to ensure that it was sunk. After minor repairs in St. Nazaire, U-352 headed for the U.S. East Coast on April 7, 1942. U-85 departed Trondheim in Norway on 28 August 1941 for her first patrol. A well-aimed 3-inch shell breached the pressure hull just aft of the conning tower. If you have any questions please contact us. The U-boat with the longest operational service in World War II, spending 750 days at sea during 13 patrols from January 1941 to August 1944. This month we visit U-701. On this patrol, U-85 returned to American waters, specifically off the United States coast. This year, Scuba Diver Life and NOAA are partnering to profile 12 different ships in the Graveyard of the Atlantic. Mohr, age 26, was killed when U-124was sunk with all hands on 2 April 1943 west of Oporto, Portugal. It may not display this or other websites correctly. U-852 was enroute to the Indian Ocean to join the Monsoon wolfpack operating there. The depth charge damage was so great that he had no other alternative but to abort the mission and return to port in St. Nazaire, France. U-85 took a patrol station between Newfoundland and Nova Scotia and had no luck until January 21 when Greger fired four torpedoes at what was judged to be a 10,000 ton steamer. [5] After the war, the British government did successful experiments towing Fa 330s behind ships and jeeps, but the development of the helicopter quickly occupied the attention of the military. The gap between the two vessels closed, and a surface engagement ensued. He had lived to tell the story which had led to the indictment of the four U-boat officers and a seaman. Child soldier in the Soviet Union, 1944.. However, to do this successfully the submarine would have to maintain a high-level of secrecy throughout her journey from Europe. U-85 was the first U-boat loss of "Operation Drumbeat" (Paukenschlag), the offensive off the eastern seaboard of the United States in 1942. At the end of February, the vessel retuned empty handed to St. Nazaire. (Photo: Joe Hoyt, NOAA), Today, U-85 offers habitat to an abundance of marine life, including these oceanic triggerfish. Kapitn Leutnant Heinz Wilhelm Eck of U-852 was indicted and sentenced to death by firing squad at the Nuremberg Tribunal on November 30 1945. High-resolution mapping of the site shows the vessel lying keel up on the ocean floor with the bow pointing to the northeast. This year, Scuba Diver Life and NOAA are partnering to profile 12 different ships in the Graveyard of the Atlantic. JavaScript is disabled. Early in the day on April 13, USS Roper set out from Norfolk, Virginia, heading south to Cape Hatteras for antisubmarine patrol. U-85 was operating within visual distance of Bodie Island Light at midnight on 13 April 1942 when the US destroyer USS Roper detected the submarine on British Type 286 radar at a range of 2,700 yards (2,500 m). Earlier that day the four-stack destroyer USS Roper set out from Norfolk on its way to Cape Hatteras for antisubmarine patrol. The hearing was known as the Peleus Trial. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 200 metres (660ft). For their actions in sinking U-85, Destroyer Division 54 commander, Commander Stanley C. Norton and the Roper's captain, Lieutenant commander Hamilton W. Howe, were each awarded the Navy Cross.[8][9]. [5] The bodies were fingerprinted, photographed and buried in a night-time military ceremony at the Hampton National Cemetery. [11] The wreck site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015. The U-852 was itself sunk on May 3 1944 by British aircraft off the coast of Somalia. U-85 was the third Type VII-B built at Flender Werke in Lbeck and was attached to the Third Flotilla from June 1941 until the time of loss on April 14, 1942. They both received a reduced sentence of prison terms. As Roper began to close in on U-85, the crew suspected that they were pursuing a submarine. Click above to view a dive slate for U-85. Significance: U-352 is significant to American military history, maritime history and historic archaeology as it was the first U-boat sunk by the United States Coast Guard off the American East Coast during World War II's Battle of the Atlantic. On April 10, while off the New Jersey coast, U-85 found its first target, Swedish freighter Christina Knudsen. She sank 38 ships totaling 217,751 tons, including 14. In 1942 he volunteered for the U-boat force and was accepted for training at Pillau on 8 June 1942. Some of the bodies were wearing civilian clothes, carrying wallets with United States currency and identification cards. German Type VIIB submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIA submarines. This month, well visit Monitor National Marine Sanctuary. One survivor managed to escape and was eventually rescued by allied ships. She had two shafts and two 1.23m (4ft) propellers. She was launched in November 1938 and commissioned in February 1939.. U-40 conducted two war patrols during her career. . Data Collected on Site: Still and video photography; site plan; high and low resolutions multibeams; 3-D video, listed on the National Register of Historic Places. German submarine U-85 was a Type VIIB U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The following day, Greger surfaced U-85 intending on conducting repairs and resuming his patrol. Two other officers of U-852, the 2WO and the doctor were also indicted and shot. However, the sinking of the Peleus had created a large debris field containing survivors in rafts and clinging to wreckage. Video clip depicting the story of the battle between YP-389 and U-701. Eck was to be the only U-boat commander found guilty of war crimes and executed after he ordered the machine gunning of survivors from the . During a test dive, however, he discovered that U-85 was not able to dive effectively. Even with the dive briefing fresh in your mind, seeing the U-352 materialize off the bottom, sitting with a 45-degree list to starboard, is an amazing sight. Rathke attempted to carry out at least one attack, but depth charges kept him from being successful. ): U-860 (+1944) propulsion: diesel and batteries date built: Roper raked U-85 with machine gun fire and scored a hit with a 3"/50 caliber gun. Another man, the sub's machinist mate, had his leg severed and died later that night aboard Icarus. Hutton, History and Economy of the Great Lakes Region, Celebrate 50 Years of Spectacular National Marine Sanctuaries, Flexible Flights Airfare Offer from Explorer Ventures Fleet, Exclusive Red Sea Liveaboard Diving Packages: Premium Amenities Await. Jan. This very interesting page explains the controversial order of 1 May, 1943 to stay up and fight the aircraft attacking the U-boats. The wreck lies on its starboard side with approximately an approximately 80-degree list. It was either the last or second-to-last (probably the latter) German submarine sunk by U.S. forces in World War II, one day before Germany's official surrender in Europe. CMS Version: 4.6.3. They then returned to the site and collected 33 survivors, one of which died aboard the Icarus shortly thereafter. Additionally, the Leading Engineer and a seaman were complicated in the incident. Fatally wounded, the Black Point sank, killing 12 of the 46 men on board. (Photo: Brett Seymour, NPS/NOAA), A sand tiger shark swims around the wreck of U-85. However, before reaching land the U-boat came under attack from six RAF bombers from 621 Squadron. U-85s captain must have decided to scuttle and abandon the ship. Image courtesy of Kraken Robotics. They dived the wreck to a depth of approximately 12,500 feet (3,800 m) in the MIR submersible from the Russian research ship Akademik Mstislav Keldysh. A well-aimed 3-inch shell breached the pressure hull just aft of U-85s conning tower. Eck decided that this would indicate to any Allied shipping patrol aircraft there was a U-boat in the area, so he ordered his junior officers to destroy the wreckage by firing into it using hand grenades and automatic weapons. On May 9, 1942 it was sunk by the Coast Guard Cutter Icarus. This month well visit the Ashkhabad. As it turned out, not all the survivors were killed. Just south of Nags Head, North Carolina, U-85 waited in shallow water near the Bodie Island Lighthouse, looking for potential targets. Of the U-boats off North Carolina's coast, U-352 had the least eventful operational career. (Photo: NOAA), This post is by a guest blogger. U-852. This year, Scuba Diver Life and NOAA are partnering to profile 12 different ships in the Graveyard of the Atlantic. Download image (jpg, 377 KB). Did they finally blow it up and leave the wreckage behind? This year, Scuba Diver Life and NOAA are partnering to profile 12 different ships in the Graveyard of the Atlantic. Gross Tonnage: 753/857 tons (surfaced/submerged) Cargo: N/A, Built: 1939, Flender Werke AG, Lbeck, Schlewsig-Holstein, Germany, Hull Number: 281 Port of Registry: Germany, Sunk By: USS Roper Survivors: 0 of 46 (46 dead), Data Collected on Site: Still and video photography; photomosaics; site plan; high resolution multibeam; photogrammetric model; listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Greger's attack resulted in a devastating counterattack as the Canadian escorts HMCS Skeena and HMCS Alberni delivered a very accurate depth charge assault that Greger narrowly escaped. Jester began dropping depth charges systematically and eventually forced Rathke to surface. At 1800 on March 21, 1942, with a brass band on the pier, with a blooded crew, a confident captain and a well-tried ship, U-85 set out once more for Amerika. The hatch of U-85 is on display in the Graveyard of the Atlantic Museum; the submarine herself still serves as an attraction for divers. Both of which were part of the 6th U-boat Flotilla.During her short time in the war, she sank no . In an effort to honor the service and sacrifice of those lost during the Battle of the Atlantic, NOAA in 2019 will release a draft proposal to expand the boundaries of Monitor National Marine Sanctuary to include a nationally significant collection of shipwrecks that currently have little or no legal protection. Shown here is the wreck of the Type IXD 2 submarine U-852 off the coast of British Somaliland (Somalia) in May 1944 after being scuttled by her skipper Kapitanleutnant Heinz Eck. This year, Scuba Diver Life and NOAA are partnering to profile 12 different ships in the Graveyard of the Atlantic. While on it's first patrol, U-85 discovered the massive 65-ship convoy 42 (SC-42), but was only able to sink the British freighter Thistleglen. Download image (jpg, 9.0 MB). U.S. Department of Commerce, Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility, Mapping Rhode Islands Historic Submarines, University of Rhode Island Applied History Lab, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. KL Heinz Wilhelm Eck of U-852 was indicted and sentenced to death by firing squad at the Nuremberg Tribunal on November 30 1945. This month we visit the F.W. In fact, he was still in Rhode Island Sound when the U.S. frigate Moberly (PF-63) and destroyer escorts Amick (DE168) and Atherton (DE-168) commenced the hunt for the submarine 90 minutes after the Black Point sank. In protest, his Leading Engineer questioned his commander's order but could do little to change the fate of the survivors. Contact Us The crew was interned and sent to POW camps, after which they were charged when the war ended. The last, under the command of Helmut Frmsdorf, intersected with the end of World War II in the Atlantic. Hans Richard Lenz was released already after 8 months and Wolfgang Schwender condemned to 15 years was released after 6 years in prison. The Peleus Affair. This commission helps us to maintain and improve the forum for the benefit of our users. Heinrich Himmlers mistress Hedwig Potthast. Website owner: Office of National Marine Sanctuaries | National Ocean Service | NOAA | Department of Commerce. With orders to patrol off the coast of the United States, the U-boat reached New Jersey and, on April 10, found its first target. If so, are there still some parts of U-852 near Somalias coast, that can be found? U-852 (+1944) Details general nationality: german purpose: war type: submarine subtype/class: IX D 2 class submarine (ger.) Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Two other officers of U-852, the 2WO and the doctor were also indicted and shot. U-852 Update. During this time, Roper believed it had another sonar contact, which was likely the U-85 as it sank. Two weeks later the U-852 sank the British cargo ship Dahomian off Cape Town on 1 April. The much smaller stern section lies approximately 1,800 feet further south. As the gap between the vessels closed, it became a surface engagement. U-85 was fitted with five 53.3cm (21in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one 8.8cm (3.46in) SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and one 2cm (0.79in) anti-aircraft gun The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.[1]. The following day, Rathke came across Freden again. The bodies were brought back to Norfolk and later that evening, they were buried in Hampton National Cemetery in Hampton, Virginia with full military honors under the cover of darkness. During the journey, Eck torpedoed and sank the Greek tramp steamer, SS Peleus . [1], The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.9 knots (33.2km/h; 20.6mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 8 knots (15km/h; 9.2mph). Fearing that the survivors of his torpedo attack would be rescued and give away his presence, Eck ordered for all the survivors to be machine gunned. With all the survivors dead, the U-852 sailed away. Please email, Exploring Monitor National Marine Sanctuary, NOAA Marine Sanctuary Shipwrecks: the Dixie Arrow, NOAA National Marine Sanctuary Shipwrecks: The USS Monitor, Preserving Americas Underwater Battlefield: the Ashkhabad, Preserving Americas Underwater Battlefield: The Caribsea, Preserving Americas Underwater Battlefield: E.M. Clark, Preserving Americas Underwater Battlefield: HMT Bedfordshire, Preserving Americas Underwater Battlefield: F.W. This page covers the events related to U-boats since 1945, including boats taken over by the allies after the war and their eventual fate. Seven crewmen were lost in the engagement; the remainder fled ashore. Some of these tubes still have visible torpedoes inside. The crew was captured and later tried for war crimes. This year, Scuba Diver Life and NOAA are partnering to profile 12 different ships in the Graveyard of the Atlantic. Website Satisfaction Survey Group Schlei was to return to France and begin preparing for deployment to U.S. waters. Roper then dropped a pattern of 11 depth charges where U-85 had disappeared beneath the surface. Report an Error, Site Index The recent high-resolution mapping of the U-853 using Synthetic Aperture Sonar (SAS) on Kraken Robotics' KATFISH system confirms the submarine is largely intact and orientated in a northwest-southeast direction. A set of pages designed to provide a good overview on the monumental battle that took place on the high seas during World War One. Rathke fired at Icarus, but the torpedo either malfunctioned or hit the sea bottom. Together, these vessels represent the long battle for naval supremacy during World War II and the attempts by the Allies and the Third Reich to protect and/or disrupt their enemys Atlantic commerce and supply lines. In 1927, Hawaiian Steamship Company sold her again, this time to C.H. The submarine was powered by two MAN M 9 V 40/46 supercharged four-stroke, nine-cylinder diesel engines plus two MWM RS34.5S six-cylinder four-stroke diesel engines for cruising, producing a total of 9,000 metric horsepower (6,620kW; 8,880shp) for use while surfaced, and two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 1,000 shaft horsepower (1,010PS; 750kW) for use while submerged. They spent several weeks at sea, which were largely uneventful. To view other Outer Banks Maritime Heritage Trail videos, click here. On April 10, while off the New Jersey coast, U- 85 found its first target, Swedish freighter Christina Knudsen. The boat attempted to run south on the surface and fired its stern torpedo at Roper when the range closed to 700 yards (640 m). Apparently, bombers forced U-852 to beach on the coastline during a naval battle. Click above to view a dive slate for U-352. Standing atop the bridge of the U-boat, the crew of the U-852 meticulously hunted and machine gunned the survivors. Gross Tonnage: 761/865 tons (surfaced/submerged) Cargo: N/A, Built: 1940, Flensburger Schiffsbau-Ges, Flensburg, Schleswig-Holsein, Germany, Hull Number: 471 Port of Registry: Germany, Sunk By: USCGC Icarus Survivors: 33 of 48 survived (15 dead). The submarine was equipped with four torpedo tubes in the bow and two in the stern. Rathke spotted Icarus, a 165-foot USCG Cutter, on antisubmarine patrol off Cape Lookout. However, the British tribunal rejected his plea of operational necessity and sentenced him to death. [2], Having left St. Nazaire on 21 March 1942, U-85 sank the Norwegian freighter Christen Knudsen off the coast of New Jersey on 10 April.[3]. Setting sail from St. Nazaire, France, on March 21, 1942, U-85 was making its third and final journey. Greger and his men again returned to Lorient unsuccessful. The U-boat had been claimed to have been sunk by depth charge hedgehogs off the coast of Massachusetts on 7 April 1945 by USS Gustafson and was also thought to have been possibly sunk by USS Coffman. She was 55 feet in the beam and rated at 5,353 tons. direct the Secretary of Commerce (as delegated to NMFS) to allow, upon request, the incidental, but not intentional, taking of small numbers of marine mammals by U.S. citizens who engage in a specified activity (other than commercial fishing) within a specified geographical . HMT Bedfordshire is one vessel included in the proposal. The wreck of U-852 on the beach of Somaliland HMS Fishguard Crew - Boarded and spent nearly a month salvaging equipment and torpedoes from U-852 after British aircraft fatally damaged her as she beached near Ras Mabber, Somaliland off the Somali coast on 3 May 1944,. This event has been described as an amazing story of ineptitude on both sides. On April 13, 1942, U-85 was sitting in shallow water off Bodie Island lighthouse waiting for targets. On June 15 Eck took command of the new Type IXD-852 and put the boat through months of training before leaving from Kiel for the Indian Ocean. After having spent 43 days in the North Atlantic and being occasionally depth charged by planes, the U-85 found little and attacked nothing. The remains of the World War II German submarine U-853 and the American merchant ship/collier, Black Point, lie in Rhode Island Sound, about 6.25 nautical miles apart. Their exploration was featured on the History Channel special, Titanic's Final Moments - Missing Pieces. Those charged were Heinz Eck, age 29, August Hoffmann , Walter Weisspfennig , they were executed by a fire squad 30-11-1945. The wreck site of U- 85 now rests in about 110 feet (34 m) of water 14 miles (23 km) east of Oregon Inlet along the Outer Banks. Aft of the conning tower there is visible battle damage from Roper's 3-inch deck gun. Rouse, Parke, Jr., "Under the Cloak of Night", U.S. National Register of Historic Places, "2008 Battle of the Atlantic Survey Methodology", "Home Found for "Enigmatic" WW II U-boat Relic", U-85 Memorial Page with Crew members' birth dates and places, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=German_submarine_U-85_(1941)&oldid=1119483562, World War II Shipwrecks along the East Coast and Gulf of Mexico MPS, 2,8003,200PS (2,1002,400kW; 2,8003,200bhp) (diesels), 90nmi (170km; 100mi) at 4 knots (7.4km/h; 4.6mph) submerged, Schlagetot (20 October 1 November 1941), This page was last edited on 1 November 2022, at 20:56. This month we visit the U-85. Image showing the location of the main wreckage of the Black Point relative to a smaller section of the ship's stern, approximately 1,800 feet south. U-852 (wreck) 832 km; Military Base 1210 km; Camp Khanjar 1330 km; Military Drone Airbase 1688 km; Royal Air Force of Oman Base 1732 km; Al Sulayyil ballistic missile base 1785 km; Mandar al Dhibiyan 1962 km; Masirah Island 2295 km; Royal Air Force of Oman Base 2312 km; Indian Island 2320 km Disclaimer The U-853 was one of the last German U-boats sunk in the Battle of the Atlantic and the last to be destroyed on the East Coast of the United States. The Freden crew drifted in their lifeboats all night. The U-85 is a very rare Type VIIB U-boat, one of only 24 built, and was the only Type VIIB U-boat lost off the U.S. East Coast during the war. Throughout the entire Second World War, the Kriegsmarine had only one U-boat commander convicted of war crimes. Some of these tubes still have visible torpedoes inside. After taking on fuel and fresh provisions, Greger was ready to take U-85 on a second war patrol, but this one too was a very frustrating and disappointing patrol. 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