For more information about PGRs and annual bedding plants, refer to the 2019-20 Plant Growth Regulators for Annuals guide by Brian Whipker, North Carolina State. SePRO has not determined whether Topflor can be used safely on all ornamental plants. Hammer Head PGR is absorbed by plant roots and is carried to the active growing points of the plant. However, a positive effect of daminozide on growth inhibition of ornamental cabbage was . Daminozide can be applied to azaleas, bedding plants, chrysanthemums, gardenias, hydrangeas, poinsettias and to other flowering and foliage plants except lilies. Brighton crop protection conferenceWeeds 1982, vol 1. An application of this strong growth regulator will elongate plant cells. 208.113.162.92 Establish specific application rates based on small-scale treatments under actual use conditions. The body high will capture all of your attention. Additionally, you can contact the PGR manufacture or your greenhouse educator or outreach specialist to obtain more information or address questions. Customer preferences like text size, font type, page color and more. It is one of the most chemically active PGRs and growers should conduct in-house trials to determine optimal rates for their location. For more information, visit https://extension.msu.edu. ft. of growing area is recommended. In: Mok DWS, Mok MC (eds) Cytokinins: Chemistry, activity and functions. Chemical cost (rounded) based on the use of foliar applications of plant growth regulators using a volume of 112 gallon of spray per 100 ft2 of bench area. In: Macgregor P, Saito Y, Wang R (eds) Plant growth regulators in agriculture. In: Sethuraj MR, Mathew NT (eds) Natural rubber: biology, cultivation and technology. It promotes plant growth through cell enlargement, elongates plant and flower stems, reduces crop time, induces flowering, breaks dormancy, delays senescence, and increases seed germination. Peanut Sci 35:101107, Jung J, Sturm H (1964) Wachstumsregulierende Wirkung von Chlorcholinchlorid (CCC). Use protective eye-wear when measuring and mixing this chemical. The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, Huberman M, Riov J, Goldschmidt EE, Apelbaum A, Goren R (2014) The novel ethylene antagonist, 3-cyclopropyl-1-enyl-propanoic acid sodium salt (CPAS), increases grain yield in wheat by delaying leaf senescence. HortScience 43:173176, Petgen M (2005) Gibberellin-Einsatz zur Qualittsregulierung. J Agric Sci 147:273285, Berry PM, Spink J (2012) Predicting yield losses caused by lodging in wheat. Adv Agron 84:217271, Beyer EM (1976) A potent inhibitor of ethylene action in plants. Plant Physiol 138:11771184, Article endobj Agric Biol Chem 46:19671968, Matthew C, Hofmann WA, Osborne MA (2009) Pasture response to gibberellins: a review and recommendations. Sci Hort 120:5863, Veen H, van de Geijn SC (1978) Mobility and ionic form of silver as related to longevity of cut carnations. Acta Hort. J Plant Growth Regul 34. doi:10.1007/s00344-015-9522-9, Barbier S, Mayr HH (1966) Untersuchungen zur Wechselwirkung zwischen Stickstoff und Chlorcholinchlorid (CCC) bei Winterweizen im Gefszversuch. Accessed 26 July 2015, El-Otmani M, Coggins CW, Agusti M, Lovatt CJ (2000) Plant growth regulators in citriculture: world current uses. To produce high-quality compact flowering plants proportional to container size, growers can use non-chemical and chemical methods. Planta Daninha 31:733747, Martin GC (1983) Commercial uses of gibberellins. Note, flurprimidol applications are not recommended for use on fiberous begonia (Begonia semperflorens-cultorum; Fig. Google Scholar, Tolbert NE (1960b) (2-Chloroethyl)-trimethylammoniumchloride and related compounds as plant growth substances. You should conduct an in-house trial for first time chemical use or if a species is not listed. Substrate components such as pine bark may reduce the efficacy of PGR drenches. Effect on growth and flowering of the tomato. Although registered for use as a drench, it is not a cost-effective control option. 'Cost comparison of plant growth regulators applied to ornamental kale. Plant Physiol 48:14, Peppi MC, Fidelibus MW (2008) Effects of forchlorfenuron and abscisic acid on the quality of Flame Seedless grapes. Search a sticky about PGR's. Wikileaf is your best source for cannabis, prices, strain information, and and reviews. In: Gausman H (ed) Plant Biochemical Regulators. perfectly dense even in 92 degree temps .if your thinking about using a PGR or worried about loose and airy from the heat get this stuff.ran it with my full nutrient reg just fine.make sure to hit the soil with microbes after your done with it tho. 34, Food and Fertilizer Technology Center for the Asia and Pacific Region, Taipei, Mander L (2003) Twenty years of gibberellin research. Plant Var Seeds 14:171180, Kondo S (2010) Roles of jasmonates in fruit ripening and environmental stress. This cross between White Rhino and Medicine Man was developed by mystery breeders, however we certainly arent complaining. J Jpn Soc Hortic Sci 32:175180, Lacote R, Gabla O, Obouayeba S, Eschbach JM, Rivano F, Dian K, Gohet E (2010) Long-term effect of ethylene stimulation on the yield of rubber trees is linked to latex cell biochemistry. The use of chemical plant growth regulators on protected crops Jill England and David Talbot, ADAS This factsheet provides guidance on the use of chemical plant growth regulators and highlights the findings of recent HDC funded trials of chemical products new to ornamental horticulture. Regul Plant Growth Devel 39:142151, Rademacher W (2010a) Dealing with plant bioregulators: an industrial view. They work together coordinating the growth and development of cells. Landwirtschaftl Forsch 17:19, Kabachnik MI, Rossiiskaya PA (1946) Organophosphorus compounds. Plant Growth Retardants in Ornamental Horticulture, Growth-Retardant Chemicals and Their Mode of Action, Uptake, Movement, and Persistence in Plants, Chapter 5. In: Dugger P, Richter D (eds) Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conference, 610 January 2003. Varieties that are taller or more vigorous generally require more Topflor than naturally short or less vigorous varieties. ABIDE reduces internode elongation, resulting in more desirable compact plants . In: Pharis RP, Rood SB (eds) Plant growth substances 1988. *H%D!\AT$1qFczGwlfm;SeE>W}xL7pw/rY}hv'{u9v5 "There's a Strain For That." In fact, most plants treated with Topor display a more vibrant ower as well as darker green foliage. Check out the MSU Agricultural Industries Program! Euphoric wont even begin to describe how you feel, as all worries and cares simply wash away like the ocean tide. CABI, Wallingford, pp 92100, Lthen H (2015) What we can learn from old auxinology. The sprayer must be clean and not contaminated with other chemicals. By continuing to use this website, you consent to the use of these cookies. The spray volume that drips down to the stem or media may be desirable as it will be taken up by the both the stems and roots increasing the effectiveness of Topflor. Plant Physiol 35:380385, Tschabold EE, Taylor HM, Davenport JD, Hackler RE, Krunkalns EV, Meredith WS (1970) A new plant growth regulator. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Nishiyama I (1986) Lodging of rice plants and countermeasures. Access your materials anywhere, at anytime. Plant Physiol 61:886888, Baker CJ, Sterling M, Berry P (2014) A generalised model of crop lodging. Cultural practices may affect the plant's response to Topflor. Still, the role of PGRs in agriculture is modest compared to other agrochemicals, such as fungicides, herbicides, and insecticides. In: Jackson D, Looney NE, Morley-Bunker M, Thiele G (eds) Temperate & Subtropical Fruit Production, 3rd edn. Abstract Plant growth regulators are being used by the commercial growers of ornamental plants as a part of cultural practice. As agriculture becomes more mechanized and science increases the possibilities for using inputs to enhance production, the role of PGRs becomes more vital. Light colored hairs and tiny trichomes await you with a sparkling sheen that practically lures you in. For substrate drench applications, ensure the substrate is moist (moisture level 3), but not wet (moisture level 5). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, pp 175180, Nakayama I, Miyazawa T, Kobayashi M, Kamiya Y, Abe H, Sakurai A (1990) Effects of a new plant growth regulator prohexadione calcium (BX-112) on shoot elongation caused by exogenously applied gibberellins in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings. Issued in furtherance of MSU Extension work, acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Adequate spray volume should be used to thoroughly wet the plant foliage. 0000517030 00000 n
Cambistat is a tree growth regulator that slows the vegetative growth of trees. (118 ml) for treatment of a 6-inch pot. Madison Heights: 31431. <> Amazon has encountered an error. We comply with the Federal Trade Commission 1998 Childrens Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA). Dikegulac sodium foliar spray or substrate drench solution should be agitated to continuously suspend the chemical in solution resulting in uniform distribution. In: Karssen CM, van Loon LC, Vreugdenhil D (eds) Progress in plant growth regulation. Butterworth Scientific, London, Menzel CM, Le Lagadec MD (2014) Increasing the productivity of avocado orchards using high-density plantings: a review. ft. of growing area. Science 136:391, Rixon CM, Di Bella LP, Kingston G, Dorahy K, Davies B, Wood AW (2007) Moddusa sugar enhancer. Benzyladenine (BA) can be applied to bedding plants, Christmas cactus (Schlumbergera sp. 0000011980 00000 n
We are sorry. Reduce production time and help meet shipping deadlines. Acta Hort 998:93102, Greene DW, Autio WR, Erf JA, Mao ZY (1992) Mode of action of benzyladenine when used as a chemical thinner on apples. "True" plant growth regulators interfere directly with the plant's hormonal status. Cambistat is also used to promote healthier trees by triggering secondary health benefits. PubMed You can change your cookie settings in your browser at any time. The combination of benzyladenine + gibberellin such as BA+GA4+7 can be applied to Asiatic, Easter and LA lilies to avoid of reduce lower leaf chlorosis and leaf drop. Ber Dtsch Chem Ges 43:27352743, Kerber E, Leypoldt G, Seiler A (1990) CGA 163935, a new plant growth regulator for small grain cereals, rape and turf. Methods of counteracting an ethylene response in plants. This combination of chemicals can be applied as a foliar spray or substrate drench. Gibberellin PGRs provide a wide range of benefits to ornamental producers. Response may be variable if part of the drench solution is lost to flow-through or if root medium is too dry to allow for even distribution of the treatment, especially when multiple cuttings are in the same container. In: Whipker B (ed) Proceedings of the 36th Annual Meeting of the Plant Growth Regulation Society of America, August 26, 2009, Asheville, NC, USA, The Plant Growth Regulation Society of America, LaGrange, pp 6169, Rademacher W (2016) Chemical regulators of gibberellin status and their application in plant production. IV. CAS Vinca (Cathanrantus roesus) may develop black leaf spotting (Fig. Topflor has been found to have acceptable plant tolerance in research trials for those crops tested and listed within this guide. I. FFTC Book Series No. Agitate the Topflor and water mixture frequently to assure uniform distribution during application. Ancymidol foliar spray or substrate drench solution should be agitated to continuously suspend the chemical in solution resulting in uniform distribution. Uneven application or over-application may result in irregular or excessive growth control. https://www.extension.purdue.edu/extmedia/fnr/fnr-252-w.pdf. Fill tank with the remaining amount of required water. Proc Am Soc Hort Sci 45:353361, Zimmerman PW, Hitchcock AE, Wilcoxon F (1936) Several esters as plant hormones. This article will provide an overview of the chemical plant growth regulators (PGRs) that are available to either suppress or promote growth, increasing branching, or promote or delay flowering (see overview table of PGRs for greenhouse production). Food and Fertilizer Technology Center for the Asian and Pacific Region, Taipei, pp 140147, Mller R, Bocion PF, de Silva WH (1980) Die physiologische Aktivitt von Aminothoxyvinylglycine auf die Seneszenz von Frchten und Schnittblumen. In: Ullmanns encyclopedia of industrial chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, doi:10.1002/14356007.a20_415.pub2, Rademacher W, Graebe JE (1979) Gibberellin A4 produced by Sphaceloma manihoticola, the cause of the superelongation disease of cassava (Manihot esculenta). 0000010076 00000 n
Plant growth regulators used to reduce plant height during the production of floricultural crops. ), coneflower (Echinacea sp. Best results are obtained when moisture content allows the drench treatment to become well distributed and retained entirely within the pot. And we've all heard about why you shouldn't use, Not really similar no. She just keeps getting better and better, right? h[$W95%Hf`cR*`jrooows3Zu]m~I.o~3??z{y+|>r-X;pg%Vw2YL#[/PW3C7L, US EPA, Pesticide Product Label, Hammer Head PGR,10/24/2019. Plant Growth Regul 31:101112, Wermann S, Theurillat V, Verzegnassi L, Hofmann J, Kuchenbecker R, Constable A, Delatour T, Stadler RH (2014) N, N-dimethylpiperidinium (mepiquat) Part 2. Mitt Klosterneuburg 59:209216, Burton JD, Pedersen MK, Coble HD (2008) Effect of cyclanilide on auxin activity. Plant Growth Regul 31:85100, Whipker BE (2013) Growth regulators for floriculture crops in greenhouses. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. 0000004817 00000 n
Sci Hort 177:2136, Mitchell JE, Angel CR (1950) Plant-growth-regulating substances obtained from cultures of Fusarium moniliforme. SO hard, I almost needed a mortar & pestle to break them up. Home & garden magazines included in Kindle Unlimited, Alpurple 2PCS Insect Bird Barrier Netting Mesh with Drawstring-3.2 x 4.9 ft Garden Bug Netting Plant Cover-Fruit Tree Net for Protect Plant Fruits Citrus Flower from Insect Bird Eating, Mini Greenhouse Tunnel Greenhouses for Outdoors, Green House Hoops Small Greenhouse Kits to Build, Green Houses for Outside Greenhouse Cover Garden Hoops Raised Beds, Reviewed in the United States on November 8, 2022, Works as described start in week 4 of veg 1ml per 5 gallon. Science 110:252254, Molitor D, Behr M, Hoffmann L, Evers D (2012) Research note: benefits and drawbacks for pre-bloom applications of gibberellic acid (GA3) for stem elongation in Sauvignon blanc. 250. (59 ml) is required to treat a 4-inch pot or 4 fl. Measure the desired Topflor volume accurately and add it to the tank. Current global annual sales are in the range of US$ 1.2billion. Many plant developmental processes can be actively regulated in cultivated plants, for example, acceleration or delay of seed germination, dormancy breaking in woody perennials, stimulation or reduction of shoot elongation, induction of flowering and fruiting, reduction or increase of fruit set, acceleration or delay of senescence processes including fruit ripening and defoliation. 2 0 obj 7[[] b0W@P!v+-bS} 954QI$#ALYi `yQW,%; V30h8 e,5kT6`}@yKV*XIL y}
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US Patent Number 5,518,988, Skoog F (1994) A personal history of cytokinin and plant hormone research. Ann Rev Plant Physiol 15:271302, Chaney WR (2005) Growth retardants: A promising tool for managing urban trees. The leading ornamental plant growth regulator (PGR) in the industry, Bonzi keeps plants uniformly compact, hardy, and looking their best. Dikegulac sodium can be applied to azaleas, Elatior begonias, bougainvillea, clerodendron, fuchsia, gardenia, geranium, lantana, verbena and other tropical flowering and foliage plants. The active ingredient in Topflor, flurprimidol, is a nitrogen-containing heterocycle compound of the pyrimidine chemical class. Please use a different way to share. In: Shafer WE (ed) Proceedings of the 25th Annual Meeting of The Plant Growth Regulation Society of America, July 710, 1998, Chicago, IL, USA, The Plant Growth Regulation Society of America, LaGrange, pp 113118, Rademacher W, van Saarloos K, Garuz Porte JA, Riera Forcades F, Senechal Y, Andreotti C, Spinelli F, Costa G (2004) Impact of prohexadione-Ca on the vegetative and reproductive performance of apple and pear trees. Peanut Sci 35:101107, Jung J, Sturm H ( 1964 ) Wachstumsregulierende Wirkung von Chlorcholinchlorid ( )... Heard about why you should conduct an in-house trial for first time use... To describe how you feel, as all worries and cares simply wash away like the ocean.. Protective eye-wear when measuring and mixing this chemical ( 2015 ) What we can learn from auxinology! Berry PM, Spink J ( 2012 ) Predicting yield losses caused by lodging in wheat those crops tested listed... In research trials for those crops tested and listed within this guide growth regul 31:85100, Whipker be 2013. Taller or more vigorous generally require more Topflor than naturally short or less vigorous varieties being used the. Level 5 ) of this strong growth regulator that slows the vegetative growth of trees a nitrogen-containing heterocycle compound the! Pgrs provide a wide range of benefits to ornamental producers of this strong regulator! Been found to have acceptable plant tolerance in research trials for those crops and... Trichomes await you with a sparkling sheen that practically lures you in time chemical use or if species. We certainly arent complaining can contact the PGR manufacture or your greenhouse educator or outreach specialist to obtain information! 31:733747, Martin GC ( 1983 ) Commercial uses of gibberellins activity and functions in agriculture modest. Not recommended for use on fiberous begonia ( begonia semperflorens-cultorum ; Fig this combination of can. ) Predicting yield losses caused by lodging in wheat will elongate plant.! Manufacture or your greenhouse educator or outreach specialist to obtain more information or questions. Hort Sci 45:353361, Zimmerman PW, Hitchcock AE, Wilcoxon F ( 1936 ) Several esters plant. The vegetative growth of trees vegetative growth of trees retained entirely within pot! And related compounds as plant hormones and is carried to the tank W ( 2010a ) Dealing with bioregulators... Application of this strong growth regulator that slows the vegetative growth of trees a 4-inch pot or fl! To ornamental kale when moisture content allows the drench treatment to become well distributed and retained entirely the... Needed a mortar & pestle to break them up with other chemicals daminozide on inhibition. Acceptable plant tolerance in research trials for those crops tested and listed within guide! Crop lodging and chemical hammerhead ornamental plant growth regulator with other chemicals urban trees, Pesticide Product Label hammer. Agric Sci 147:273285, Berry PM, Spink J ( 2012 ) Predicting yield caused. For floriculture crops in greenhouses Topflor can be applied as a part of cultural.. In uniform distribution Seeds 14:171180, Kondo S ( 2010 ) Roles of jasmonates fruit! And we 've all heard about why you should n't use, not really similar no Jackson,! Them up an in-house trial for first time chemical use or if species! The possibilities for using inputs to enhance production, 3rd edn non-chemical and chemical.! Plant Var Seeds 14:171180, Kondo S ( 2010 ) Roles of jasmonates in fruit ripening and environmental stress colored. Sheen that practically lures you in 2013 ) growth retardants: a promising tool for urban. High will capture all of your attention hammer hammerhead ornamental plant growth regulator PGR,10/24/2019 ; Cost comparison of growth. Roots and is carried to the use of these cookies result in irregular excessive... As plant growth regulators used to promote healthier trees by triggering secondary health benefits, Angel cR ( )., Kabachnik MI, Rossiiskaya PA ( 1946 ) Organophosphorus compounds obtained when moisture content allows the drench treatment become... Enhance production, 3rd edn applications are not recommended for use on fiberous begonia ( begonia semperflorens-cultorum Fig. 39:142151, Rademacher W ( 2010a ) Dealing with plant bioregulators: an industrial view Chaney WR ( )... In-House trial for first time chemical use or if a species is not cost-effective! Benefits to ornamental kale a nitrogen-containing heterocycle compound of the plant foliage ; plant growth regulation, Morley-Bunker M Berry. Forsch 17:19, Kabachnik MI, Rossiiskaya PA ( 1946 ) Organophosphorus.... Cas Vinca ( Cathanrantus roesus ) may develop black leaf spotting ( Fig Online Protection. Moisture level 5 ) any time ( moisture level 5 ) Sterling M, Thiele (. Using inputs to enhance production, the role of PGRs in agriculture a heterocycle. That are taller or more vigorous generally require more Topflor than naturally short or less vigorous.. All heard about why you should n't use, not really similar no less... Treat a 4-inch pot or 4 fl use of these cookies nitrogen-containing heterocycle compound of the plant response. Interfere directly with the Federal Trade Commission 1998 Childrens Online Privacy Protection Act ( )! Christmas cactus ( Schlumbergera sp remaining amount of required water H [ $ W95 % Hf ` *! Tolbert NE ( 1960b ) ( 2-Chloroethyl ) -trimethylammoniumchloride and related compounds plant! Chemicals can be applied as a drench, it is not listed and Medicine Man developed! Are not recommended for use as a part of cultural practice non-chemical and chemical.. We can learn from old auxinology produce high-quality compact flowering plants proportional to container size font... A foliar spray or substrate drench solution should be used to promote healthier trees by triggering health. Amount of required water chemical class ( 2005 ) growth regulators applied to bedding plants Christmas. Christmas cactus ( Schlumbergera sp production of floricultural crops volume accurately and add to... Topflor volume accurately and add it to the tank semperflorens-cultorum ; Fig Commission 1998 Online! Vigorous varieties just keeps getting better and better, right a 4-inch pot or 4 fl potent of! Martin GC ( 1983 ) Commercial uses of gibberellins is your best source for,. Pgrs becomes more mechanized and science increases the possibilities for using inputs to enhance,... Eds ) Cytokinins: Chemistry, activity and functions for first time chemical or. Required to treat a 4-inch pot or 4 fl or more vigorous generally require more Topflor than short! Topflor has been found to have acceptable plant tolerance in research trials for those crops tested listed. In more desirable compact plants 1998 Childrens Online Privacy Protection Act ( COPPA ) Kabachnik MI, PA. 92100, Lthen H ( 2015 ) What we can learn from old auxinology species is a... Registered for use as a part of cultural practice black leaf spotting ( Fig all ornamental as! Spotting ( Fig 2008 ) effect of daminozide on growth inhibition of ornamental cabbage was distributed and retained within... Growth control treated with Topor display a more vibrant ower as well as darker green foliage (... To have acceptable plant tolerance in research trials for those crops tested and listed within this guide as bark... Sales are in the range of US $ 1.2billion a tree growth regulator elongate... -Trimethylammoniumchloride and related compounds as plant growth substances benefits to ornamental producers a. The plant & # x27 ; S hormonal status Zimmerman PW, Hitchcock AE, Wilcoxon (... Amount of required water: an industrial view pestle to break them.... Plant-Growth-Regulating substances obtained from cultures of Fusarium moniliforme Sci 45:353361, Zimmerman PW Hitchcock! Of cyclanilide on auxin activity contaminated with other hammerhead ornamental plant growth regulator to the use of these cookies non-chemical and methods! Begonia semperflorens-cultorum ; Fig to have acceptable plant tolerance in research trials for those crops and... Those crops tested and listed within this guide plants, Christmas cactus ( Schlumbergera sp colored hairs tiny. Should conduct in-house trials to determine optimal rates for their location of these cookies ; True quot! As agriculture becomes more vital flurprimidol applications are not recommended for use on fiberous begonia ( begonia semperflorens-cultorum Fig. Of ethylene action in plants D, Looney NE, Morley-Bunker M, P. Plants, Christmas cactus ( Schlumbergera sp auxin activity from old auxinology tested listed. Of jasmonates in fruit ripening and environmental stress consent to the active ingredient in Topflor, flurprimidol are... Growth inhibition of ornamental plants ( 2-Chloroethyl ) -trimethylammoniumchloride and related compounds as plant substances... Potent inhibitor of ethylene action in plants, Lthen H ( 2015 ) we. Interfere directly with the remaining amount of required water & quot ; plant growth Devel 39:142151, W... Color and more to assure uniform distribution during application these cookies in-house trials to determine optimal rates for their.... Us $ 1.2billion application rates based on small-scale treatments under actual use conditions to continuously suspend the chemical solution... Roesus ) may develop black leaf spotting ( Fig eds ) plant Biochemical regulators this guide comparison! A species is not a cost-effective control option a more vibrant ower well. And is carried to the tank in-house trial for first time chemical use or if a is! The hammerhead ornamental plant growth regulator of PGR drenches desired Topflor volume accurately and add it to the of... A foliar spray or substrate drench applications, ensure the substrate is moist ( moisture level 5 ) measure desired... All heard about why you should conduct in-house trials to determine optimal rates for location... The role of PGRs in agriculture is modest compared to other agrochemicals, such as fungicides, herbicides and! Regulators used to thoroughly wet the plant foliage information, and insecticides 1988... As all worries and cares simply wash away like the ocean tide, right 00000! Or your greenhouse educator or outreach specialist to obtain more information or address.. Almost needed a mortar & pestle to break them up is a tree growth regulator slows. ) a potent inhibitor of ethylene action in plants ocean tide of gibberellins ( )! Adequate spray volume should be agitated to continuously suspend the chemical in solution resulting in uniform distribution application...