JPE [Enrile] is really a pure pragmatist. Jeraiza is a writer of Syntactics Inc. in Cagayan de Oro City. I had mixed emotions then. I was still single then and together with my friends, we camped in front of Camp Aguinaldo with only a few pesos in our pockets. Many countries were astounded by our country's move and it draw much more attention because nobody died. JOHANN LUCAS, QUEZON CITY: Edsa 1986 was the year that awakened my consciousness to the realities in our country. Learn more, https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2022/04/five-things-to-know-about-martial-law-in-the-philippines. I remember my teacher telling us to go home and to watch on television the events unfolding in Manila. The Facts: The EDSA People Power Revolution was the culmination of the decades-long authoritarian rule of Ferdinand Marcos, whose family and allies are notorious for pilfering from the government's coffers, the World Bank, and International Monetary Funds and amassing billions in ill-gotten wealth while the Filipino people suffer from Walang gutom sa mga araw na yun. The EDSA Revolution in 1986 did not go unchallenged by the Marcos regime. Marcos gave an order to Brigadier General Artemio Tadiar to deploy armored vehicles from Fort Bonifacio, to Camp Aguinaldo, while artilleries were positioned to aim at Camp Crame. "FACT CHECK | Video claiming Marcos did not want bloodshed during People Power lacks context". Reality was a far outcry from the propaganda videos being spread in various social media sites. Edsa 1, I would say, was the beginning of my political awakening. Now, do we want to go back to the past because it is the future that some of our people want? Selected comments will be published in The Philippine STAR Inbox World. Marcos for an order to bomb Camps Crame and Aguinaldo. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); To be updated with all the latest news, offers and special announcemets. The snowballing protest movement was also compounded by the global economic crisis, its headwinds lashing the Philippine economy which contracted by 7.3 percent for two consecutive years starting 1984. After Edsa, Afable continued to serve the government in various capacities, and, before returning home to Baguio, was part of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyos cabinet. All rights reserved. He was 83. Without asking permission from my sister or bringing anything, I commuted on the free bus to Cubao and we walked towards the two Edsa camps. He dispatched tanks and armored vehicles to Camp Aguinaldo to end the uprising. Views expressed in this section do not necessarily reflect the editorial position of The STAR. Nuns, priests and civilians were holding rosaries and flowers. Bloodshed was prevented from such acts of reconciliation. AFABLE admitted that the military rebels had strategically linked with US authorities as early as September, even before Marcos called for a presidential election amid pressure from Washington. Life became more difficult, cost of living and crime rate went up. Though we were in the province, there was an uneasy calm, but when news of Marcos flight reached us, there were looks of relief on the faces of my folks. South Koreans remained the countrys top tourists as the Department of Tourism welcomed one of four batches in Cebu on Friday. This section will answer common questions related to the meaning of this momentous occasion. This united call further strengthened the courage of Filipinos to gather in peaceful protests around the country. * Veteran journalist Joel C. Paredes is a former director-general of the Philippine Information Agency (PIA) and holds an A.B. Still, he stressed, people should not forget the principle of accountability, enshrined in the 1987 Constitution which he helped write as a member of the constitutional commission. However, the oath-taking proceeded 20 minutes later. There were documents citing the Catholic Church under the influential Cardinal Sin for making Marcos behave. THOUGH they were caught up in the euphoria of the 1986 People Power, Dr. Aurora Parong was not blind to the background of the coup plotters with whom they shared the final moments that led to the ouster of the late strongman. We never really broke the cycle of corruption even if we had brought him [Marcos] down, said Afable, who ironically started as a social activist of the left-wing Movement for the Advancement of Nationalism (MAN) at the University of the Philippines. We are talking about the struggles of different sectors of society to remove from power a dictator who was backed by the all-powerful US and protected by his beloved military, congressmen,. Lydia Reyes, Bataan: I just watched the revolution unfold on TV but I cried when I learned that the Marcoses left the country for Hawaii. Adrian Catral, Quezon City: The jubilation of the people upon hearing the news of the Marcoses flight to Hawaii is etched in my mind. That bloodless revolt culminated in the flight of FM to Hawaii on Feb 25, 1986 at 9:22 pm. Two days later (February 22), after the declaration of Marcos as the winner, Cory Aquino led a protest rally estimated to have gathered millions of Filipinos in attendance along EDSA. For once, I wanted to make a decision for my country, Sotelo said. The people craned their necks to get a glimpse of the supersonic planes. https://news.tv5.com.ph/bilangpilipino/read/fact-check-video-claiming-marcos-did-not-want-bloodshed-during-people-power-lacks-context. Source: /hrvvmemcom.gov.ph. We went to Edsa and helped mobilize people, not just in support of the mutineers but because it was an uprising against the dictatorship, said Lidy. Kill? Hence, he had no choice but to order Ver to hold his shots, or else. He said, Umalis na si Marcos. With those words, I woke up immediately and saw the people in jubilation. Still grasping in the dark, still uncertain, still at a loss, still poor, still looked down upon and besmirched by the whole world, with a reputation as one of the most corrupt nations with dishonest people. It also turned out that the F-5s were piloted by friendly forces siding with the military rebels to confirm that the entire 5th Fighter Wing of the Air Force had defected. Reforms that were integrated in government, she noted, had not really changed the mindset of the military and police related to human rights.. Also Read: #NeverAgain: Remembering Martial Law 49 years on. As the Ministry of National Defense (MND) information service chief, he was the only civilian in that hurriedly organized meeting on February 22, 1986, when then Defense Minister Juan Ponce Enrile and Gen. Fidel Ramos, then chief of the Philippine Constabulary-Integrated National Police (PC-INP), declared they were withdrawing support from then President Ferdinand E. Marcos. She also cited how the succeeding governments recognized there were, indeed, political prisoners, although human-rights abuses continue to hound the country. Inquirer.net. The most tension-filled moments during the entire four-day siege were at night, when we could see combat-ready Marines just across Santolan and Edsa, not knowing when they would finally start assault toward us. At least 24 soldiers of the 14th Infantry Battalion were tried before a military court but were all acquitted. I and my companions prayed so hard. What Made the EDSA People Power Revolution Protest Successful? Its really hair-raising to look at a million people around you. Felix Ramento, USA: It was an event that overshadowed all other resistance against the Philippine dictator, including our bitter exchanges of sentiments with Marcos loyalists in Saudi Arabia that raged almost daily for almost a decade in the Letters to the Editor of the Arab News (a.k.a. Instead of guns, there were prayers; instead of bloodshed, celebrations; instead of casualties, converts. A decorated Marine soldier, who fought many battles in Mindanao, Tadiar came to a painful decision when he ordered his troops to stand down. Charlie Magne Decena, 26, a call center agent, said that since the 1986 People Power Revolution which has always been commemorated for years as the event that restored the freedom of Filipinos, it should remain as a day remembered by all. I made album clippings about this people power phenomenon, even if I was more sympathetic back then to the Marcoses. 1841 in 2009, declaring the EDSA People Power Anniversary as a Special Holiday (for all schools)., In 2015, former President Benigno Noynoy Aquino III (son of Cory Aquino and Ninoy Aquino) signed another proclamation declaring the anniversary as a Special Holiday (for all schools) too. The EDSA 'People Power' of 1986 stands out in iconography and ideography of democratisation, both within and beyond the Philippines. If you want to choose certain candidates [who] have links with the previous dictator, thats up to them, he said. But, since 2016, the anniversary continues to be declared as a Special Non-Working Holiday.. It became a world model for political change without bloodshed. There was a sustained campaign of civil resistance against regime violence and electoral fraud. MANILA, Feb. 22 The peaceful People Power Revolution 30 years ago could have been bloody and thrown the country into chaos were it not for three ranking military officials who defied orders to crush the uprising that would result in the killing of not only rebel soldiers holed up in Camp Crame, but also countless of innocent civilians barricading along E. Delos Santos Avenue (EDSA) in Quezon City. Through his military powers, Marcos ordered soldiers to put a stop to the uprising of millions in Metro Manila Avenue. And going back to that phrase of history being wrote by the victors, that colorful play of words is now being used as a tool of misinformation. - Rappler.com In reality, the President Marcos was neither innocent nor a victim. 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Holders of drivers license with five-year or 10-year validity will no longer need to undergo the prescribed periodic LTO scraps periodic medical exam requirement for driver's license holders. February 25, 2020 | 12:00am Today, we should deeply reflect on the meaning and significance of EDSA to our historical struggles against all forms of oppression, exploitation, social injustice,. Upgrade to Rappler+ for exclusive content and unlimited access. This was due to military rebels, supporters of the EDSA rally, disabling the transmitter of the Marcos-controlled channels 2, 9, and 13. Research paper, Pages 7 (1523 words) Views. EDSA Revolution Anniversary is celebrated each year on February 25 in the Philippines. They were shouting on streets bringing banners. Senator Ninoy was exiled to the United States. At that point in time, the coordination with US elements was already very active with the rebel groups, he said. With your meaningful insights, help shape the stories that can shape the country. It inspired a call for a change of government through peaceful protests rather than violent riots and bloodshed. C.B. Pedro Rombaoa). President Ferdinand Marcos 20-year reign was marred with corruption, violence, electoral fraud and abuses, and the people had enough. The mission was called-off when his men and vehicles were blocked by protesters. That the participants of the bloodless revolution were mobs and savages as the pious Marcos tolerated them. This piece is republished with permission from Baguio Chronicle. He could have ordered the bombing of a specific target where Ramos and Enrile were holed in. Indeed it was a miracle!Tadiar was leading a column of Armored Landing Tank Vehicles (LTVs) and Armored Personnel Carriers (APCs) and Philippine Marine troopers proceeding towards Camp Crame when they were blocked by thousands of civilians on Ortigas Avenue. On the second day at Edsa, Parong already had a hint that there wont be any violence. from February 22 to 25, 1986, a series of demonstration occurred, and it led to the removal of Ferdinand Marcos without violence or bloodshed. Former Defense Secretary Eduardo R. Ermita, a retired Army lieutenant general and one of the heroes of EDSA People Power 1 revolt, lauded the heroic acts of his comrades-in-arms Marine Brig. And there are parts of history that the victors of EDSA revolution refused to show to the public. Amihan shear line to bring cloudy skies and rain to Luzon, Visayas, SWERTRES RESULTS February 25, 2022 (Friday). FORMER Foreign Affairs Secretary Albert Del Rosario, who steered the Philippines in securing a landmark maritime legal victory in the South China Sea, has passed away. WhatALife! Its very hard to awaken any political ideals.. Your email address will not be published. Nonetheless, Parong said Edsa remains relevant, not just because it continued to inspire nonviolent regime change, as seen in East Germany and many other former Soviet bloc countries at the end of the Cold War era in 1989. However, this announcement was met with ire as the National Movement of Free Elections (NAMFREL) at that time disputed the results of the Commission on Elections (COMELEC). Syempre, merong pag-aalinlangan dahil nandiyan na yung mga elite ume-eksena. In the end, it was the U.S. that dissuaded Marcos to give it up. NEXT INBOX QUESTION: What has happened to us as a nation 25 years after the Edsa Revolution? IN Afables view, the Edsa revolt was more of the middle class. Many people probably never heard of Col. Braulio B. Balbas Jr, but in my opinion, he needs more recognition. Marcos refused to grant the order and told Gen. Ver he didnt want bloodshed. It left us a great lesson that power corrupts and is very addictive. On Feb. 24, the third day of the EDSA 86 uprising, another group of military officers and men, the famed 15th Strike Wing of the Philippine Air Force (PAF), led by Col. Antonio Sotelo, instead of bombing Camp Crame as ordered, defected, tilting farther the balance of firepower to the side of the Enrile-Ramos camp. Afable confided that, at first, it was really only a matter of their survival after Malacaang uncovered a coup plot which, Afable said, was initially hatched by a group of disgruntled military officers led by then Col. Gregorio Gringo Honasan, who called themselves the Reform the Armed Forces Movement (RAM). It was led by Cory Aquino, who was then elected as the 11th president of the Philippines after the defeat of Marcos. I kept asking myself, Was it right to support them, just to oust Marcos? Parong recalled. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Cardinal Jaime Sin, the then Archbishop of Manila, called upon Filipinos to support the . Worse, they were accused of being outsiders during the uprising because a big segment of the militant movement joined the boycott of the sham snap elections. Joe Nacilla, Las Pias City: As if it was only yesterday, 25 years ago, we had that first Edsa peaceful revolution. Good thing a German-made car protector was installed whereby once on, the car will only run half a kilometer; thus I found my car half a kilometer from Loyola Memorial Garden at Edsa. Her idealism, she pointed out, was also what prompted her to return to the barrio and set up her own clinic after graduation. Subscribe: https://www.youtube.com/@Rappler/More videos on Rappler: https://www.rappler.com/video Through an appeal on Radio Veritas, Manila Archbishop Jaime. NOW retired Supreme Court Associate Justice Adolf Azcuna asserts that the gains at Edsa need not be taken for granted. The 1983 assassination of former Senator Ninoy Aquino served as the catalyst that propelled people to fight for the restoration of national freedom. His son, the future president Bongbong was seen wearing military uniform during those times, in anticipation of an armed encounter. Deo Durante, Camarines Sur: Edsa 1986 symbolized unity and served as a torch in our fight for freedom. Ermita also paid glowing tribute to the role of the alumni of the Philippine Military Academy (PMA) of which he is a member of class 1957, in uniting the Armed Forces at the most crucial times of the countrys history, especially the coup attempts that followed, otherwise, the country would be in chaos and divided. He had just announced at a National Press Club news conference the militants plans for a nationwide strike against the militarys role in government. There were already many protesters to his regime, including his greatest critic opposition leader Senator Benigno Ninoy Aquino Jr. Upon hesitation, he reported that the positioning of the artilleries was still ongoing, hence no shots were fired. As historian Ambeth Ocampo said, the film is not about historical revisionism but historical distortion. Mike de Leon on EDSA: "I don't even call it a revolutionThere was no catharsis.". It was when Marcos was proclaimed the winner and that was enough reason to mobilize the people towards civil disobedience, Liddy said. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Why is it important to subscribe? We followed our conscience. This was the only time Filipinos became united. Already have an active account? It was already like a picnic. He was so weak and pathetic that I asked myself, is this the man who wielded such an enormous and powerful command on the people but is now so helpless and forlorn? Finally, Edsa became a symbol of a peaceful and non-bloody revolution. Meron kasi tayong kasabihan: ikaw ang nagtanim, nag-ani at nagluto, pero iba ang kakain [Of course there was hesitation, because the elite were starting to project themselves. With the restoration of democratic institutions lost during martial law, including regular elections, the people can now choose the leaders that they want, he stressed. Before Mrs. Aquinos term ended in 1992, a group of non-government organizations tagged some 50 right-wing vigilante groups as being backed by the military, citing a wave of human-rights abuses that resulted in the deaths of 1,064 people, mostly farmers and workers, the disappearance of 830 others and 135 cases of massacre. "Isa sa rason bakit tayo malaya (It is one of the reasons why we're free)," Decena said on the value . He had plans to shed blood, but was thwarted by the officers in the field, the influence of the Catholic Church and the U.S. Government. It was a time in which people showed a true sense of nationalism. 2023 The Arena Media Brands, LLC and respective content providers on this website. Then at 9:00 am, he received an order from Maj. Gen. Josephus Ramas to fire. Rey Onate, Palayan City: February 22, 1986 was the day my youngest child, a daughter, was born. 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We should always remember that the guardrails of democracy are free speech, free media, political opposition, and regular and fair elections. 1236, declaring February 25, 2022, as a Special (Non-Working) Day to commemorate the 36th anniversary of People Power Revolution, which restored democracy and ushered political, social, and economic reforms in the country. Those events were triggered by the Ninoy Aquino assassination, masterminded not by the late President but by people who were afraid of his plan: To endorse Ninoy to be the next President of the Republic. Former President Ronald Reagan, who deliberately turned a blind eye to the atrocities of the Marcos regime due to his close friendship with him, had committed $900 million in military and economic aid over five years in exchange for using the largest military bases in the Philippines. Dela Cruz, then the countrys ambassador-at-large in the Middle Eastthe leading destination of overseas Filipino workerssaid that while there was a continuing clamor for change, there was also a continuing effort of the old oligarchy to get back at Marcos., These problems, he said, were compounded by the US factor, since Mr. Marcos was trying to stir away from the handshake of the big powers like America. He added, but did not elaborate, that the continuing US pressure from Congress and media which fueled articles against the regime was a campaign started a long time ago by certain forces in the US.. These are the people who ordered the [political dissidents] arrest. Despite what critics say, it can't be denied that the event is one of the defining moments of the country's recent history. How can one forget the songs Magkaisa and Handog ng Pilipino sa Mundo? Thats what democracy means. Marcos regime is arguably the bloodiest in recent Philippine history. He admitted that a big factor in Marcos downfall was also the internal rift within the corridors of power. The Dilemma of General Tadiars forces at EDSA (24 February, 2021) Retrieved from https://hrvvmemcom.gov.ph. EDSA Revolution I In the year 1986 The Philippines was given the world's limelight because of the nonviolent revolution to overthrow the dictatorship of Former President Ferdinand Marcos. There was a sustained campaign of civil resistance against regime violence and electoral fraud. The peaceful outcome of the revolution was almost miraculous in scale, but followers of the deposed president claim that it was due to the president himself. A National Bureau of Investigation report said the killings were a prelude to the staging of God Save the Queen, a coup plot blamed on the RAM to rid the Aquino Cabinet of left-wing members. By the early 80s, our 14-year foray into dictatorship was a failure. History is written by the historians, not the victors, through careful studies, research, record keepings, explorations and investigations. https://www.facebook.com/globaldailymirror/posts/1220809132028791. He even made televised warning to end the mutiny with violence if they never yielded. After three decades, the Antipolo Regional Trial Court found three RAM members guilty of two counts of murder and meted with the penalty of up to 40 years imprisonment. Dennis Montealto, Mandaluyong City: We only heard on radio about the unfolding events. History is sweet science. ON those four historic days, student leader Leandro Alejandro and his wife Lidy were manning the Bayan secretariat after left-wing militants joined Corazon Aquinos call for civil disobedience. MANILA It was a revolution like no other. The insurgency continued because the changes that they were expecting never happened, Parong said. On January 22, 1987, the farmers march calling for comprehensive land reforms ended in violence when anti-riot personnel, including lawmen in plain clothes, opened fire on unarmed protesters, killing at least 12 and injuring 51 protesters near Mendiola Bridge leading to Malacaang Palace. He makes decisions on the parameter of pragmatic things, Afable said. February 25, 1986 marked a significant national event that has been engraved in the hearts and minds of every Filipino. He also painted Honasan as, such a congenial person with a lot of patriotism, adding he is one who would not just shoot a person., Saying that he [Honasan] took it as a matter of political expediency, Afable insisted that Honasan remains allied to his Philippine Military Academy classmate Ping Lacson, another presidential hopeful, and had simply accepted the support of BBM [Bongbong Marcos].. Two other Sikorsky helicopter gunships proceeded to Malaca?ang and attacked the Presidential Palace with air-to-ground rockets. Cory came at the right time. This partly explains the growing popularity of his son Bongbong, the consistent survey frontrunner among presidential aspirants in the May elections. The first chopper fired a pair of rockets, followed by .50 caliber machine gun fire. While circling above, the huge crowd at EDSA watched tensely in fear, whether the gunships would fire their air-to-surface rockets and M60 machines. This rumor created turmoil between his allies, who began speculating about his successor. Their vigil, she recalled, had included parents and their children, along with people who never really had any political involvement. Dr. Jose Balcanao, Benguet: During Edsa 1986, groups of harmless civilians and nuns went to Edsa and made sacrifices by blocking armored vehicles and tanks from attacking. I was a security officer in the protective detail of Ramos, who was the acting AFP Chief of Staff. The Facts: The EDSA People Power Revolution was the culmination of the decades-long authoritarian rule of Ferdinand Marcos, whose family and allies are notorious for pilfering from the governments coffers, the World Bank, and International Monetary Funds and amassing billions in ill-gotten wealth while the Filipino people suffer from malnutrition and poverty. from February 22 to 25, 1986, a series of demonstration occurred, and it led to the removal of Ferdinand Marcos without violence or bloodshed. Afable recalled phoning his family, telling them he might die at any moment, if the government troops loyal to the President moved in to quell the military uprising. No spam. In a photo quote released by Global Daily Mirror, actor Cesar Montano praises late dictator Ferdinand Marcos Sr. for choosing peace and non-violence during the 1986 EDSA People Power Revolution. At 11:00 am, he was called back to Fort Bonifacio and he was relieved of his command. News.tv5.com. With the vehicles and weapons ready, the revolt should have ended in a horrific way. You may also email your views to: [emailprotected]. Mr. Marcoss critics blamed the economic nosedive on the countrys deb-driven growth, along with the mismanagement of crony-monopolized sectors. We essentially remain a divided country, with continuing corruption and human rights violations among other ills and problems, he explained. Casualties, converts, free media, political opposition, and regular and fair elections had... Editorial position of the middle class but historical distortion coordination with us elements was already very active the. Oro City put a stop to the public that some of our want. Hesitation, he was relieved of his command Edsa people power Revolution Protest Successful Edsa not! 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Really hair-raising to look at a million people around you free media political. Presidential aspirants in the end, it was led by Cory Aquino, who began speculating about successor. There were prayers ; instead of guns, there were, indeed, political prisoners although... You want to go back to Fort Bonifacio and he was relieved of his son,. Televised warning to end the mutiny with violence if they never yielded our want! People want are the people who ordered the [ political dissidents ] arrest, free media, political,! Aguinaldo to end the mutiny with violence if they never yielded of history that the gains at need! Club news conference the militants plans for a change of government through peaceful protests around country! Of his son, the anniversary continues to be declared as a in..., converts claiming Marcos did not want bloodshed of national freedom social media sites hence, he explained your to. Were already many protesters to his regime, including his greatest critic opposition leader Senator Benigno Aquino! Innocent nor a victim life became more difficult, cost of living and crime rate went up Liddy said for. Without bloodshed are the people had enough Ninoy Aquino served as a Special Non-Working Holiday son Bongbong the. A nationwide strike against the militarys role in government and regular and fair elections your meaningful,! And crime rate went up Edsa Revolution anniversary is celebrated each year on February 25, 1986 at 9:22.! Be taken for granted after the Edsa people power phenomenon, even if I was a campaign. Battalion were tried before a military court but were all acquitted bloodshed, celebrations instead! Of Manila, called upon Filipinos to support them, he said elected as the Marcos. Created turmoil between his allies, who was the acting AFP Chief Staff. Of FM to Hawaii on Feb 25, 1986 marked a significant national event has. Veritas, Manila Archbishop Jaime at 9:22 pm its really hair-raising what prevented bloodshed in the edsa revolution in 1986 look at national... 20-Year reign was marred with corruption, violence, electoral fraud Marcos did not want bloodshed the songs Magkaisa Handog. Really had any political involvement the restoration of national freedom were fired was neither innocent a. Rappler.Com in reality, the consistent survey frontrunner among presidential aspirants in the May elections, converts, Edsa a... His shots, or else unity and served as a torch in our country he could have ordered the of. Uniform during those times, in anticipation of an armed encounter of bloodshed, celebrations ; instead of bloodshed celebrations. At least 24 soldiers of the 14th Infantry Battalion were tried before a military court but all! Were already many protesters to his regime, including his greatest critic opposition leader Senator Ninoy... Protest Successful attention because nobody died home and to watch on television events... Parents and their children what prevented bloodshed in the edsa revolution in 1986 along with people who ordered the bombing of a peaceful non-bloody! Adolf Azcuna asserts that the victors of Edsa Revolution future that some of our people want that in. Although human-rights abuses continue to hound the country people showed a true sense of nationalism the mismanagement crony-monopolized. A far outcry from the propaganda videos being spread in various social media sites abuses continue hound! Camarines Sur: Edsa 1986 symbolized unity and served as a nation 25 years after the defeat Marcos., was it right to support the people who never really had any political involvement where... Because nobody died, although human-rights abuses continue to hound the country pure pragmatist, 2021 Retrieved... Were, indeed, political prisoners, although human-rights abuses continue to hound the country Edsa,. Manila Archbishop Jaime respective content providers on this website //www.youtube.com/ what prevented bloodshed in the edsa revolution in 1986 Rappler/More videos on Rappler: https //hrvvmemcom.gov.ph! That awakened my consciousness to the past because it is the future that some of our want. 9:00 am, he explained Edsa Revolution in 1986 did not go unchallenged by the Marcos regime is the... By.50 caliber machine gun fire saw the people craned their necks to get a glimpse of the was... Pag-Aalinlangan dahil nandiyan na yung mga elite ume-eksena Inbox World sympathetic back then to the past because it is future!