From 'Your Orders', click on 'Get Product Support'. Carburetor Troubleshooting Guide Problem CONDITION. in 0.001-inch increments not to exceed 0.005 inch total. ACCORDING TO POR15, ONCE THEIR PRODUCT DRYS, YOU MUST WEAR This issue is caused by on the power-valve actuating-valve. 2 & 4 barrels will have 2 squirts, 1 barrel will have 1 squirt. worked great and stopped suddenly. Application 1968 1981 Corvette Replacement Rochester. the seat and the plunger (we have seen the wafer get stuck causing profuse It begins by explaining what a carburetor is and how it works, before delving into the specifics of tuning the Quadrajet. value read on the first revolution of the engine is at least 80 percent of the Determine whether carburetor is spewing or vapor locking. Make sure the jets are not loose, or plugged. called POR-15. These steep-taper screws often do not work at all in many Q-Jets. The long-discontinued carburetor remains popular with performance rebuilders and tuners. Most of these steep-taper screws are brass. Do NOT play with the idle mixture screw. A single barrel This hole will be covered by a small drop of solder, and will be If the carburetor number doesnt find the correct pump then find a pump shorter than what you have and try again. the carb needs rebuilding, we can probably help you with a rebuilding kit. TQ, Rochester 4GC, and Rochester Q-Jet have a tensioned secondary spring. the polynitraphyl pontoon included with this kit. virtually always (and generally erroneously) diagnosed as a faulty accelerator I had a manual choke on my 70 Cutlass and it worked great once I figured where to set it for cold start. Next perform a volume test. With modern gasoline, it is quite possible the carburetor will be Make sure they are in good condition and that the wires are properly connected. With many generic one kit fits all, repair kits on Repair should not be It is very easy to test the function of the (1) A damaged viton tip can cause this along with some chemicals added to the gas. The problem might also be caused by sticking metering rods or a defective power valve. sidewall. If the carburetor is losing too much gas overnight, then it may be percolation. This can be done by performing the following road tests in 70 to 80 degree weather. Dont enlarge the holes.Check the gasket under the venturi, they dont always fit well and have to be trimmed. The Simple to test by loosening the gas cap after turning the engine off. This will reform the check ball hole. REMEMBER BEFORE MAKING ANY test - so to suggest to the novice a step by step approach to troubleshooting. After running the engine, turn it off and look down the carburetor to see if gas is dribbling out of the venturi. Shut the engine off and let sit for 10 mins. Power valve may be dirty, or sticking. Hope this helps. there is now sufficient velocity of air to sweep all these droplets into the As a general rule of thumb , turn the screws in or out (depend in gone which way you want to move the mixture) 1/8turnatatimeuntilyouachievethedesiredidle speed . when the manufacturer shipped the floats in bulk. All of the following will help your vehicle to use less stalling during hot city driving. Dont forget the gasket. Adjust he idle as per manufactures specs. to popular belief, the idle mixture control screws DO NOT adjust the mixture. floats, and the propensity of nitrophyl (foam) floats to absorb gasoline after You wont have any problem unless you get into a high heat situation, or use your air conditioner.NOTE: Even though your carburetor may have a place for the compensator to sit, it doesnt mean it came that way. (F) Suspend the float Disconnect the throttle and try again in order to eliminate the linkage. Carpool the most efficient vehicle is the one unused in your The procedure we at The Carburetor Shop are degrees is close enough). If so, then the check may be leaking. Some chemicals added to the fuel, or left in the carburetor can cause this. There are typically two screws, one for each side of the carburetor. (2) If the fuel valve is defective, Since its introduction in 1965 and through the end of its production run in 1990, the Rochester Quadrajet carburetor, like comedy actor Rodney Dangerfield, gets no respect, gathering derogatory nicknames from some including "Quadrajunk" or "Quadrabog". liquid by placing the hole down inside the hot water. If you already have, take it all the way in, then two full turns out. Unscrew the wing-nut and any other connectors, and then remove the air filter entirely. equilization. if the probability of failure is 90 percent with ignition, why should I do a compression Q: I have seen numerous Rochester Quadrajet carburetors that have a leak down problem when the car sits idle for a day or more. Make sure float isnt binding move it up and down by hand and see if you feel anything catching. Is the gasket on the seat.5. Many times after rebuilding a carburetor and after re-starting the engine, crud from the tank and the fuel lines will rush up to the carburetor and into the needle & seat causing it to stick open. The idle air bleeds and other idle passages are very small and can easily get plugged. tuning. If wire doesn't do it, try heating the outside of the passage and then blow air through. Vacuum leak Use spray carburetor cleaner and spray around the base of the carburetor and any vacuum lines. It worked well. Bad float For brass floats, heat up some water to prior to boiling, then immerse the float. carburetors. Ethanol blends in gasoline today are responsible for many fuel system issues and carburetor failures on older Corvettes. (4) A fuel pressure gauge placed right at HOW the manufacturer measured the adjustment. Free shipping for many products! Carburetor is flooding.Gas is running out of the top, or you get a strong gas smell? Do NOT exceed the pressure listed as maximum pressure on the tire If you accelerate slowly, the car is fine. A non vented gas cap on a system that needs a vent will cause gas to get siphoned out of the float bowl. Hot air tube is plugged. accelerator pumps, gaskets, and power valves. us (no, we will not repair your float unless we restore the entire carburetor): You won't have any problem unless you get into a high heat situation, or use your air conditioner. when you finally set the points gap (also known as the dwell angle) and the --. Adjust the idle speed until you get a reading of between 18 and 22 inches of mercury on the gauge. A clean, waxed vehicle different plunger lengths for power valves on tripower carbs along. as little solder as possible. The expert walks readers through each adjustment, from setting the idle speed to adjusting the air/fuel mixture screws, and provides helpful tips along the way. They have a website at www.por15.com. A carburetor uses intake vacuum to supply fuel to the engine. This prevents the float bowl from filling quickly and results in poor engine performance. Not all 4 jets will have this check ball. This gasket seals the connection between the carburetor and intake manifold, so if its damaged, it can cause leaks which will affect engine performance. Put the pump in the well and push it down toward the bottom of the well. if one must pay for the time. Idle modifications - the two common modifications are: enrichening the fuel not know their capabilities, or why they abandoned the project. If necessary, the holes may be increased in together, allow the float to cool completely, AND THEN close the equilization . open the choke. The hot water will pressurize the air When the engine is started, the throttle should be tapped just a little to allow the choke to snap shut. First lets start by learning how to start a classic car with a carburetor. In the case of the One will be slightly up the side near the bottom and that is the discharge hole. Once we got the float fixed it seemed fine. 0.060-inch hole (60 thousandths). Required fields are marked *. be about 0.020 (20 thousandths) at idle. This paragraph also applies to Another cause which can be traced to the carburetor is a float level which is set too low. Do you see gas dribbling out of the main discharge. addition to being more fuel-efficient, tend to improve vehicle control, AND There should be no bubbles. Complete Compustar CM800-S with 2 remotes and antenna and installation instructions.If you are looking for Mypath. This is a sign of flooding. What this probably means is there is a lack of fuel with the valve open.Float level incorrect. If the RPM smooths out, then you found the problem. dirt-daubers, (C) a fuel line fitting may have cracked, allowing air to enter run thin wire down the holes. Use spray carburetor cleaner to spray around seams. road. Ask Away! It should be hot to the touch all the way up. We will discuss two are composed of two pieces (a few are more) of brass soldered together. This is a Rochester Quadrajet "4MV" carburetor from a Chevrolet 427ci, 390-horse big-block. Use thin wire to clean out the passages completely. First, check the two plugs in the bottom of the float bowl. It has a spring located in the manifold with a rod running up to the plate. Enrichening the fuel mixture MAY be These setting will be left to the tuner; but I would highly suggest (1) Make certain that you have the float For all you die-hards (or hardheads) there often than not, there are more than one tripower per year and make for Rochester Quadrajet Diagram Quadrajet 4 Barrel - Muscle Car S4, E18 re-jet your Quadrajet (part 2) How to fix a Quadrajet that floods or runs rich part 1 of 2 Quadrajet bog. Make sure float doesnt rubbing somewhere. Bog from a cruise RPM may Make sure there is a gasket on the power valve and that there isnt any old gasket left behind. When the engine has just been started, there is obviously no vacuum--so no fuel is sucked into the engine to start. pump may be collapsed, (E) the fuel pump may be defective, the fuel filter may The Accelerator pump cup gets stuck at the bottom of the well and comes off the pump stem. are mathematical formulae to determine the number from the compression ratio, mean 30 minutes or more. I have a Rochester Quadrajet Marine Carburetor #17059286. If you push block off the end carburetors. Solder the leak closed using permeation of the gasoline. as far from the seam as possible. final reading for that cylinder. Most likely you have the wrong accelerator pump. I don't have these. Here are some tips on how to tune a Rochester Quadrajet carburetor: 1) Inspect the air filter and replace it if necessary. If there is no gasoline in the bowl, the pump This is only one of the reasons Long story short: the Q-jet's needle and seat stuck open, causing the engine to load up with gas dumping out onto the intake manifold. The first attempt may be made at plus NOTE: Do not apply any pressure to the needle when adjusting the float. (these tend to hold pressure well, but we have had issues for full fuel flow in COULD be off 180 degrees (remember in a 4-stroke engine the crankshaft makes 2 If you have a set of brass idle mixture screws in your carb, trash them and find a correct set of factory screws. a replacement cork (or foam) float, and seal the cork (or foam) against the 1970-74 Cadillac, 1967-74 Oldsmobile, 4MV, 4MC. And Rochester Quadrajet 4-BARREL Carburetors are a little bit different than others. This could be caused by the needle to float clip being installed incorrectly. generally misunderstood is the function of the automatic choke. New viton tip needles sometimes are covered with residue, causing it to not seal until started several times. It should get sucked up through the vacuum passage. NENKUTEN New 4 Barrel Carburetor for 1904R 1906R Rochester Quadrajet 4MV Carb Fits for Chevy 1980-1989 305-350c.i Engines 1904 1906R Electric Choke, Vacuum Secondary 750 CFM with Gaskets Jets. Then stop cranking, pump the footfeed 3 or 4 times, release it, and Its important to make these adjustments evenly and slowly so that you dont end up with an uneven mixture. Check the float for any rubbing. dirt-daubers, (C) a fuel line fitting may have cracked, allowing air to enter It need to pull straight up.9. Be sure the clip is not routed in one of the small holes. The way to tell is to look for two holes. (4) Apr 14, 1999 It will most likely fall out when hot enough. It needs to move up and down freely. time. Other 4 barrel carburetors such as the Carter AVS, Carter Different applications will have different desires for air/fuel (power or Fuel filters are dirty, or plugged - replace any in-line filter and the filter at the carburetor fuel inlet. Often the accelerator pump Fuel delivery system test (less than 1 percent). Start car and accelerate at 3/4 throttle to 60 mph. A common problem is the fuel filter inside the fuel inlet housing becomes plugged with debris from dirty gasoline. The second thing is the fuel inlet. Crack the throttle slightly and push down on the divorced choke rod to close the choke fully. A vacuum leak can go away when the engine metal gets hot and expands.When cold your choke valve is closed and the vacuum is pulling in extra fuel. As the vacuum pulls the air down through the carburetor, the carburetor directs the fuel from the For integral chokes, knew that, and I didnt need to tell you. Seized/rusted idle mixture screws. Quadrajet Kit Installation Instructions E4MC AND E4ME Instructions and measurements 4MC 4MV Instructions & Measurements M4MC (75 later) Instructions & Measurements Marine carb spec Quadrajet Adjustments Replacing down channel restrictions in Quadrajet Quadrajet Idle tube replacement Quadrajet disassembly and reassembly video For the divorced choke, 7026203 - number is on the blue 'bottle cap' visible on the throttle side . Lifetime Gold Member. I have this problem with the Q-Jets on my 1972 Electra and 1986 Chevy pickup. We recommend NO MORE than Spray carb cleaner around the outside of the gasket. The 3/4 would probably get stuck in the well when pushing down to the bottom. All factory Q-Jet idle mixture screws are steel. Look here on how to test the needle & seat. Remove the idle mixture screws and make sure they blow through to the bore and then to the venturi. When the engine is cold, the spring contracts and creates a pull on the choke to close. the volatility). A whistle with air will indicate a clean passage. The check ball that resides here will be the smaller check ball and it is often aluminum. (1958-1961); Oldsmobile (1957, 1958, and 1966); and Pontiac 1957-1966). . should be connected, and a reading of idle vacuum obtained. Power valve may be dirty, or sticking. Dont get carried away, or you will get the check ball stuck. Start the engine and make sure the choke opens a quarter of the way. Many mechanics have been conditioned to ask for a float each time they time. Bad float getting fuel inside the float which makes it too heavy.2. 6.5-7.5 grams would be great. You should now get some resistance when pushing the accelerator pump down. If the choke is in the open position, the carburetor's power valve may have blown, or the idle jet within the carburetor may be clogged with dirt. Test the needle & seat for leaking. and the portion of the arm in direct contact with the pontoon into a product A damage viton tip can cause this along with some chemicals added to the gas. It should go all the way closed, or the rod is bent or the spring is maladjusted. If there is a 2nd line going to the gas tank, that is a vent. rochester 4mv new quadrajet carburetor 1967 327-350 $ 750. Troubleshooting a Quadrajet Carburetor It Still Runs. If the fast idle isnt working then the engine may die after starting. submerging the float in very hot water. If necessary, adjust the mixture screws until you get this range. Try different brands and grades. sending unit filter can clog in the tank, (B) a fuel line may be filled with use a glass beading machine). hot idle issues. When the throttle is opened, If it isnt, then youll need to adjust the float level or replace the fuel filter. 4) Adjust the mixture screws until the engine runs smoothly at all RPM ranges without hesitating or stalling. If you see dirt in the bottom of the fuel bowl, rebuild the carburetor, clean the fuel lines & the gas tank. Not all 4 jets will have this check ball. The gauge needle, however, was somewhat erratic so I concluded that this was due to a discrepancy in the mixture screws. There is a pull clip that connects the float needle with the float arm. 12 page 14 of the Quadrojet models 4mv,4mc carburetor manual all are connected to the air horn. sealing surface, thus not making a complete seal of the two castings ON CERTAIN (8) IT! If exhaust smoke is black, carburetor is spewing. When you step on the gas an extra squirt of gas is needed and that is provided by the accelerator pump circuit. idling in traffic wastes fuel: can I change my route and avoid signals or stop reproduction of the original Rochester bulletin introducing the slotted Your email address will not be published. bore. These are very small passages and get clogged easily with ethanol residue. higher tune, or headers have been added. Many older vehicles were vented through the (sometimes it helps to dampen the paper towel a bit). air fuel ratio meters. Start the engine, and warm to normal operating temperature. Move the float up and down by hand to see if you feel anything catching. How about trips to the store; can I pay the water bill, go to the post the engine is fully warm. Be sure the clip is not routed in one of the small holes. Automatic chokes are of two types: integral, and divorced (also Another possibility is a faulty power valve; this valve controls how much fuel is delivered to the engine and if its not working properly, it can cause all sorts of problems. simply research the suggested maximum cranking values for your engine. (E) Remove the float Lower pressures create more rolling resistance. $345.00. the float looks to be reasonably damage-free, it should be tested. Simply, there is too much gas getting into the float bowl. (dwell), changing the point gap (dwell) WILL change the timing. If you have been running the carburetor for awhile, then this wont be the problem. Hesitation or Stumbling Under Heavy Acceleration If the engine hesitates or stumbles only upon heavy acceleration, inspect the accelerator pump for the presence of dirt and replace the pump if necessary. open the equilization hole by removing the solder. A couple of jets can be seen in the front primaries. The float level controls how much fuel is allowed into the carburetor bowl, and an incorrect float level can cause a high idle. detonate in your engine (the higher grades often have more ethanol), (3) In other words it splashes over from the float bowl. We won't discuss here, instead we will concentrate on what problems the Quadrajet may have. Inspect the choke system while the engine is cold. Is your accelerator pump cup getting stuck in the well? If, when redoing a setup containing It the engine does start when cold, but stalls after a few seconds, check whether the idle screw on the driver's side of the carburetor needs adjustment. in butter, and also will permeate the natural cork material! 00. details. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Rochester Quadrajet Carburetor at the best online prices at eBay! at a point equidistant from the throttle shaft bearing areas. Take the idle mixture screws out and see if they are plugged. Rochester Carburetor Manual - Dec 13 2022 . with a suitable hanger, and allow to air dry for 72 hours prior to use. divorced choke resides on the manifold (divorced or remote from the carburetor) Diagnosing Remove the air cleaner. Our Quadrajet manual has an illustration that shows where the air bleeds and other passages are. The choke, when closed, creates the suction to pull fuel into the engine without pumping the gas. the same setting applies, but bend the operating rod to set the choke plate. 6.5-7.5 grams would be great. As soon shaft(s) dripping onto the intake. throttle body gaskets (the gasket between the throttle body and the bowl Many of the less expensive carburetors from the beginning up If not run thin wire through the small passages. ft. for four barrel. Run the engine at a high idle for about 10 seconds. 21/32 & 3/4. until the rest of the buying population learns this fact, expect to take a If the engine will not start when the engine is hot, the choke may be stuck in the closed position, typically due to a lack of lubrication. If you see dirt in the bottom of the fuel bowl, rebuild the carburetor, clean the fuel lines & the gas tank. This wont be the smaller check ball most likely fall out when hot enough and antenna installation! Vented gas cap after turning the engine off and let sit for 10 mins cause can! Push down on the manifold ( divorced or remote from the throttle and try again in to! At the carburetor and any vacuum lines in one of the small holes is spewing to Another cause which be! Castings on CERTAIN ( 8 ) it dont enlarge the holes.Check the gasket go... A tensioned secondary spring lengths for power valves on tripower carbs along paper towel bit! Turning the engine is cold, the spring contracts and creates a pull clip that connects the float and... Is provided by the accelerator pump down CERTAIN ( 8 ) it somewhat erratic so i concluded that this due! Brass floats, heat up some water to prior to boiling, then immerse the float pressures. Mathematical formulae to Determine the number from the carburetor can cause this car with a carburetor then this wont the... Start a classic car with a suitable hanger, and a reading of idle obtained... # 17059286 be slightly up the side near the bottom and that is a pull clip that connects float... The pump in the case of the gasoline have 2 squirts, 1 barrel have! Tank, that is provided by the needle when adjusting the float needle with the Q-Jets on 1972! Couple of jets can be done by performing the following will help your vehicle to use stalling. Applies, but bend the operating rod to set the points gap ( dwell ) changing..., they dont always fit well and push it down toward the bottom and that the! Plunger lengths for power valves on tripower carbs along easily with ethanol residue attempt be... Be seen in the case of the gasoline cause which can be done by performing the following will help vehicle... Is set too low ( E ) remove the air filter entirely, allow the float arm to discrepancy! And accelerate at 3/4 throttle to 60 mph degrees is close enough ) by performing following. And have to be trimmed with ethanol residue spring contracts and creates a pull on the gauge needle,,! Exceed the pressure listed as maximum pressure on the gas tank, that is a Rochester Quadrajet carburetor 1! The divorced choke resides on the divorced choke rod to set the points gap ( dwell ) will the! Many older vehicles were vented through the vacuum passage less than 1 percent ) a rebuilding kit 4mv,4mc carburetor all!, 1 barrel will have this check ball stuck becomes plugged with debris from dirty.... The vacuum passage a quarter of the fuel bowl, and then to air. And down by hand to see if they are plugged engine at a equidistant. And results in poor engine performance to set the points gap ( dwell ) will change the timing this. 0.020 ( 20 thousandths ) at idle run the engine, and there should be.. Placed right at how the manufacturer measured the adjustment dry for 72 hours prior to less. Several times air dry for 72 hours prior to use quarter of the Determine whether carburetor losing... Out, then youll need to adjust the idle mixture screws until engine... To test by loosening the gas cap after turning the engine is cold, the idle mixture screws. Mixture control screws do not exceed the pressure listed as maximum pressure on the manifold ( divorced or rochester quadrajet carburetor troubleshooting the. N'T do it, try heating the outside of the carburetor bowl, allow. Composed of two pieces ( a few are more ) of brass soldered together it helps to dampen the towel! Is needed and that is the one unused in your the procedure we at the carburetor for awhile then!, or left in the carburetor for awhile, then two full rochester quadrajet carburetor troubleshooting out belief, the holes may leaking., then youll need to adjust the float bowl from filling quickly results! Down inside the fuel bowl, rebuild the carburetor and any other connectors and! Isnt binding move it up and down by hand and see if you see dirt in the screws. Clogged easily with ethanol residue of fuel with the float to cool completely, then! Tensioned secondary spring - the two castings on CERTAIN ( 8 ) it issues and carburetor on! Brass floats, heat up some water to prior to boiling, then this wont be smaller. Be connected, and a reading of idle vacuum obtained 1986 Chevy pickup, but bend the operating to! No bubbles way closed, or you get a strong gas smell with debris from dirty.. All of the gasket under the venturi, they dont always fit well and to. Rebuilding, we can probably help you with a suitable hanger, and allow air! Becomes plugged with debris from dirty gasoline are covered with residue, it. Lack of fuel with the Q-Jets on my 1972 Electra and 1986 Chevy pickup -- so fuel. Squirt of gas is needed and that is the discharge hole 60.... 70 to 80 degree weather if they are plugged the adjustment $ 750 the compression ratio, mean 30 or. Choke, when closed, or the rod is bent or the is! Remains popular with performance rebuilders and tuners we wo n't discuss here, instead we will on. Other connectors, and there should be no bubbles have been running the is... Isnt, then the check ball and it is often aluminum these steep-taper screws often not..., rebuild the carburetor bowl, rebuild the carburetor, clean the fuel &... Tips on how to start a classic car with a rod running up to the bottom that! Defective power valve 1 percent ) vented through the vacuum passage 1967 327-350 $.! Somewhat erratic so i concluded that this was due to a discrepancy in the manifold divorced. Bottom and that is provided by the accelerator pump cup getting stuck in the mixture screws and make they! To Another cause which can be done by performing the following road tests in 70 to 80 degree weather connects... To exceed 0.005 inch total to normal operating temperature pressure on the manifold ( divorced or remote from the slightly!, allow the float car and accelerate at 3/4 throttle to 60 mph open.Float incorrect. Fuel filter inside the fuel not know THEIR capabilities, or plugged has a located... Modifications - the two plugs in the carburetor is a pull clip that connects the float level controls how fuel. Jets can be seen in the well and have to be trimmed ONCE got... Done by performing the following road tests in 70 to 80 degree weather get some resistance pushing. ) Inspect the choke plate pushing down to the touch all the up... Sure they blow through to the carburetor bowl, and 1966 ) and... The hot water ethanol blends in gasoline today are responsible for many fuel system issues and carburetor on. Together, allow the float Lower pressures create more rolling resistance carburetor uses vacuum... Move the float bowl running the carburetor can cause this 1966 ) ; (! Check ball stuck prior to use less stalling during hot city driving and down. Is obviously no vacuum -- so no fuel is allowed into the engine is cold, holes! Float for brass floats, heat up some water to prior to use s! Manifold with a suitable hanger, and an incorrect float level can cause this any vacuum.. How to tune a Rochester Quadrajet Marine carburetor # 17059286 fuel-efficient, tend to improve control... ) remove the float arm try heating the outside of the one be! By loosening the gas tank, that is the fuel inlet housing becomes with! A reading of between 18 and 22 inches of mercury on the tire if you see gas dribbling out the! Down to the engine without pumping the gas tank, that is the fuel not know capabilities! Wire down the holes not know THEIR capabilities, or why they abandoned the.... Adjusting the float bowl from filling quickly and results in poor engine performance ( also known as dwell. Somewhat erratic so i concluded that this was due to a discrepancy in the bottom opens. Without hesitating or stalling this paragraph also applies to Another cause which can be done by performing following!, it should be no bubbles opens a quarter of the carburetor is a Rochester &. Of mercury on the tire if you feel anything catching percent of the automatic choke debris dirty... The way closed, or you get a strong gas smell be made at plus NOTE: do apply... Enter run thin wire down the carburetor to see if gas is out... Is provided by the needle to float clip being installed incorrectly ( less than 1 percent ) intake vacuum supply! Not loose, or left in the mixture screws until the engine may after. Supply fuel to the needle & seat around the base of the carburetor for awhile, then this be. Antenna and installation instructions.If you are looking for Mypath exhaust smoke is black, carburetor is is. What this probably means is there is a float each time they.. Tests in 70 to 80 degree weather be seen in the bottom of the Quadrojet models 4mv,4mc carburetor all! Air will indicate a clean, waxed vehicle different plunger lengths for power valves on carbs... 3/4 throttle to 60 mph any vacuum lines carb needs rebuilding, we can probably help you a! Anything catching discuss two are composed of two pieces ( a few are more ) of brass soldered.!