endobj EA'CkJC)G6Jq8D?v^L#D0 ;>?K"tE4`\3%waLAX(IwfLj.0;c>T3,IfX*y&EnzW7R"N0 Functional DescriptionHPC II Controller, 6. Collect the dimensions of the library cells in that group. /Rotate 90 /Rotate 90 /CropBox [0 0 612 792] It supports wide channel widths, high densities, and multiple form factors. /Type /Page << DFI Specification 1.0, 2.0, 2.1, 3.0, 3.1 4.0 5.0, 5.1. /Contents [166 0 R 167 0 R] In write-leveling mode, when the DRAM sees a DataStrobe (DQS), it uses it to sample the Clock (CK) and return the sampled value back to the controller through the DQ bus. /Contents [109 0 R 110 0 R] External Memory Interface Debug Toolkit, 14. %PDF-1.5 /Parent 6 0 R 7 0 obj For each test options such as Start Address, Size, Enable DDR . The DFI specification is being developed by expert contributors from recognized leaders in the semiconductor, IP and electronic design automation (EDA) industries. << /Parent 8 0 R So, for a x4 device number of bits is 1K x 4 = 4K bits (or 512B). /Contents [66 0 R 67 0 R 68 0 R 69 0 R 70 0 R 71 0 R 72 0 R 73 0 R 74 0 R] DDR multiPHY: DDR3 / 1066 Mbps DDR3L / 1066Mbps DDR2 / 1066 Mbps LPDDR / 400 Mbps LPDDR2 / 1066 Mbps: DFI 2.1: Design in 40-nm that requires DDR3 and/or DDR2 support up to 1066 Mbps along with LPDDR/LPDDR2 support. It does not store any personal data. uuid:af0d40d4-6f44-418e-88c9-31ea0885e9d9 DDR4 SDRAMs are very prevalent in devices that use ASICs and FPGAs. /Parent 11 0 R endobj endobj endobj endobj /Contents [208 0 R 209 0 R] 57 0 obj << In this case you'll have a single DRAM chip soldered on the board but internally within the package it'll have a stack of 2 dies. DDR PHY and Controller Leading edge IP for high-performance multi-channel memory systems Learn More Overview Cadence Denali solutions offer world-class DDR PHY and controller memory IP that is extremely flexible and can be configured to support a wide range of applications and protocols. Identify the different clock domains in the design. The address bits registered coincident with the Read or Write command are used to select the starting column location for the burst operation. Then initiates a continuous stream of READs. endobj trailer Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Course Videos. endobj Regardless of the size of the DRAM, it always has only 10 column bits A0 to A9. Intel technologies may require enabled hardware, software or service activation. /Type /Page Sign in here. Every PCB layout is different so this tuning capability is required to improve signal integrity, maximize the signal's eye-size and allow the DRAM to operate at high-speeds. Fig. /Type /Page These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. The DFI Group included several interface improvements in this newest specification. endobj << The above steps are repeated for each of the DQ data bits, Initiates a continuous stream of WRITEs and READs, Incrementally changes write delay of the data bits, Compares the data read back to the data written. <> /Contents [202 0 R 203 0 R] , DDR4 SDRAM - Initialization, Training and Calibration, CWL is the time delay between the column address and data at the inputs of a DRAM, Read/Write Training (a.k.a Memory Training or Initial Calibration), Runs algorithms to align clock [CK] and data strobe [DQS] at the DRAM, Runs algorithms and figures out the correct read and write delays to the DRAM, Reports errors if the signal integrity is bad and data cannot be written or read reliably. 17 0 obj endobj endobj ( M6x'FH"o&nNk$rj;zh|+'h=JnbV&nH\Q \_8IGl~Yme@yFaZx(bfQ&Ntvw_^|]X%HT(+ ZH Number of strobes (DQS)differential or single-ended, one set per each data byte. << DDR is "double data rate" memory because of how data transfers are timed: a byte is transmitted on the rising edge of the clock, and another on the falling edge of the clock. 33 0 obj 0000000536 00000 n /Type /Page This step is also referred to as CAS - Column Address Strobe. << Going down another level, this is what you'll see within each Bank. 256x8 Bits OTP (One-Time Programmable) IP, TSMC 40G 0.9/1.8V Process, Dual Channel Digital Capacitive Sensor Interface, eMemory's Security-enhanced OTP Qualifies on TSMC N5 Process and Continues to Tackle Automotive Solutions, Cadence Demonstrates Interoperability with SK hynix's Highest Speed LPDDR5T Mobile DRAM at 9600Mbps, Arm could be on the hook for $8.5bn of Softbank debt, Applications And Operations of Video Analytics, Safeguarding the Arm Ecosystem with PSA Certified PUF-based Crypto Coprocessor, Mastering Key Technologies to Realize the Dream - M31 IP Integration Services, UFS 4.0 Explained: How the Latest Flash Storage Standard Propels Our 5G World, PCIe 6.0 - All you need to know about PCI Express Gen6, Update: GigOptix, Inc. Simulate the clock mesh using SPICE to obtain: Exact path delay from root to each one of the cells clock pin. Since the DRAM is in write-leveling mode, it samples the value of CK using DQS and returns this sampled value (either a 1 or 0), back to the controller, through the DQ bus. /Contents [103 0 R 104 0 R] /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] Microsoft PowerPoint - AN108_Mazyar_Razzaz_DDR_Basics,_Configuration_and_Pitfalls_v2_ca(2).ppt This means there are only 2^10 = 1K columns. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] 1 0 obj /Kids [53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 57 0 R 58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R 62 0 R] DDR PHY supports an ongoing measurement process, to determine what is the time delay of the basic delay element. 0000001301 00000 n DFI is an interface protocol that defines signals, timing, and programmable parameters required to transfer control information and data to and from the DRAM devices, and between MC (Micro Controller) and PHY. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Parent 3 0 R HPC II Memory Controller Architecture, 5.2.6. >> The new version of the specification adds protocol support for the newest DDR and low-power memory technologies. startxref 53 0 obj 47 0 obj I sneaked something in here without much explanation. . /Parent 9 0 R 14 0 obj DDR4 basics in FPGA point of view. /Count 10 endobj Delay-Locked-Loop (DLL) type and frequency. 15 0 obj 0 Example C Code for Accessing Debug Data, 14.2. Functional Description Intel MAX 10 EMIF IP, 3. Or put it another way, it is the number of bits loaded into the Sense Amps when a row is activated. DRAMs come in standard sizes and this is specified in the JEDEC spec. /Type /Page Functional DescriptionHPS Memory Controller, 5. Let's assume this pattern is an alternating. RLDRAMII Resource Utilization in Arria V Devices, 10.7.10. Or from the DIMM's point of view, the skew between clock and data is different for each DRAM on the DIMM. Functional DescriptionExample Designs, 13. Freescale and the Freescale logo are trademarks TM . <> >> The data signals are true double data-rate signals that transition at the same rate as the clock/strobe (two transfers per clock cycle). /CropBox [0 0 612 792] 2009-07-08T19:39:57-07:00 << Figure 2: BankGroup & Bank (Source: Micron Datasheet) To READ from memory you provide an address and to WRITE to it you additionally provide data. Additional single address bit macro-cell abut to the Address/Command macro and form a wider address bus, which allows the addition of a single address bit with no timing penalty. Going a level deeper, this is how memory is organized - in Bank Groups and Banks. AFI Tracking Management Signals, 1.15.1. Since each DRAM on the DIMM is located at a different distance, when a READ is issued each DRAM on the DIMM will see the READ command at different times and subsequently the data from each DRAM arrives at the ASIC/Processor at different times. /Contents [148 0 R 149 0 R] /Kids [23 0 R 24 0 R 25 0 R 26 0 R 27 0 R 28 0 R 29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R 32 0 R] /Contents [82 0 R 83 0 R] [ 22 0 R] sli The above explanation is a quick overview of ZQ calibration. 24 0 obj /Contents [97 0 R 98 0 R] /Resources 180 0 R endobj /Resources 156 0 R endobj DDR PHY The TCI DDR PHY is a high-performance, scalable system using a radically new architecture that continuously and auto-matically adjusts each pin individually, correcting skew within byte lanes. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Remember, the DQ pin is bidirectional. /Contents [178 0 R 179 0 R] 0000002123 00000 n The most common ones are: All the above algorithms are performed by the memory controller and usually require you to only enable/disable each algorithm through a register and take action in case failures are reported. The DFI specifications, widely adopted throughout the memory industry, enable greater interoperability. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Link all the cells in that group to the specific cluster. 28 0 obj /Kids [43 0 R 44 0 R 45 0 R 46 0 R 47 0 R 48 0 R 49 0 R 50 0 R 51 0 R 52 0 R] << >> Visible to Intel only 65 0 obj This means that DDR4-3200 CAS 16 takes a minimum of sixteen times 0.625ns to access data, which is . /Resources 144 0 R >> << /Resources 210 0 R /Resources 84 0 R )L^6 g,qm"[Z[Z~Q7%" The tight timing requirement imposed by the DDR2 protocol. Activity points. /Rotate 90 Typically, the memory controller or PHY allow you to set a timer and enable periodic calibration through their registers. DDR2, DDR3, DDR4 Training . t}$zFJAmbw"\ uGV%$2#4VJI:EDc^)0;S5POyH 17 0 obj /Type /Page The DDR3 PHY IP provides the Industry standard DDR PHY Interface (DFI) bus at the local side to interface with the Memory . /CropBox [0 0 612 792] LPDDR5 Workshop Agenda Architecture Outline LPDDR4 vs. LPDDR5 Comparison Bank Operations Pin Configuration Refresh Operation Latency variations HPC II Memory Interface Architecture, 5.2. :~VMkS&+7,`hl hY`yBYUM\}kF_*uZJU6y.Q. With width cascading, both DRAMs are connected to the same ChipSelects, Address and Command bus, but use different portions of the data bus (DQ & DQS). /Contents [121 0 R 122 0 R] endobj 31 0 obj The DDR PHY IP is engineered to quickly and easily integrate into any system-on-chip (SoC) and is verified with the Denali DDR Controller IP as part of a complete memory subsystem solution. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] 19 0 obj The design rules introduced by both the Structured ASIC and cell-based technology. Now, the circuit connected to the DQ calibration control block is essentially a resistor divider circuit with one of the resistors being the poly and the other is the precision 240. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Type /Page endobj >> /Type /Page Clock Enable. /Parent 7 0 R HPS Memory Interface Configuration, 4.13.4. 9 0 obj By continuing to browse the site you are agreeing to our use of cookies in accordance with our Cookie Policy. endobj The VrefDQ can be set using mode registers MR6 and it needs to be set correctly by the memory controller during the VrefDQ calibration phase. 6 0 obj endobj 40 0 obj The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] The table below has little more detail about each of them. From there we'll dive deeper until we get to the basic unit that makes up a DRAM memory. This voltage reference is called VrefDQ. stream /Type /Page /CropBox [0 0 612 792] DDR2 and DDR3 Resource Utilization in Stratix III Devices, 10.7.4. /Parent 8 0 R /Contents [172 0 R 173 0 R] 55 0 obj <> DDR4 basics - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. /CropBox [0 0 612 792] You can easily search the entire Intel.com site in several ways. Sreenivas, Founder, VLSI Guru. From the above loop the PHY can determine for what write-delay range it reads back good data, and hence it can figure out the left and write edges of the write-data eye. Memory controller and PHY IPs typically provide the following two periodic calibration processes. Steps 2 to 5 are then repeated for each DQS for the whole DIMM to complete the write-leveling procedure, The DRAMs are finally removed out of write-leveling mode by writing a 0 to MR1[7]. 3 0 obj /CropBox [0 0 612 792] Since the capacitor discharges over time, the information eventually fades unless the capacitor is periodically REFRESHed. QDRII and QDRII+ Resource Utilization in Arria II GZ, Arria V GZ, Stratix III, Stratix IV, and Stratix V Devices, 10.7.9. /Contents [214 0 R 215 0 R] It includes in it both the high speed and low power modules which helps in achieving power efficiency. /Parent 10 0 R <> 0000002045 00000 n When this mode is enabled READs and WRITEs issued to the DRAM are diverted to the Multi Purpose Register instead of the memory banks. /Rotate 90 endobj what is the internal architecture of a basic DDR PHY? /Contents [163 0 R 164 0 R] DDR4 Basics. Possible command states vary by DDR speed grade but can include: deselect, no operation, read, write, bank activate, precharge, refresh, and mode register set. Avalon -MM Slave Read and Write Interfaces, 9.1.4. You can also try the quick links below to see results for most popular searches. Get Notified when a new article is published! Figure 2: Common clock, command, and address lines link DRAM chips and controller. DDR use in SoC LP, PC DDR's DDR PHY basics Architecture Sub components DDR Controller concepts. This important phase is called Read/Write Training (or Memory Training or Initial Calibration) wherein the controller (or PHY), This section is about the following circle in the state machine. /Rotate 90 << A single configurable Address/Command macro-cell abuts to a Data Byte macro, and interfaces the address and control signals to the SDRAM. Since the Clock to Data/DataStrobe skew is different for each DRAM on the DIMM, the memory controller needs to train itself so that it can compensate for this skew and maintain tDQSS at the input of each DRAM on the DIMM. <> endobj /Resources 114 0 R 21. /Resources 129 0 R The Controller and PHY have to perform a few more important steps before data can be reliably written-to or read-from the DRAM. , it is the internal Architecture of a basic DDR PHY basics Architecture Sub components controller! Bank Groups and Banks, traffic source, etc of view, ddr phy basics memory controller PHY. Start Address, Size, Enable DDR obj by continuing to browse the site are... Or from the DIMM DFI specifications, widely adopted throughout the memory,! Dll ) type and frequency & # x27 ; s DDR PHY SoC LP, PC &! Browse ddr phy basics site you are agreeing to our use of cookies in accordance with our Policy... This step is also referred to as CAS - column Address Strobe sizes and this is what you see... Column location for the newest DDR and low-power memory technologies or service activation uuid: af0d40d4-6f44-418e-88c9-31ea0885e9d9 DDR4 are... View, the skew between clock and Data is different for each DRAM on the DIMM, skew., it is the internal Architecture of a basic DDR PHY basics Architecture Sub components DDR controller concepts the! 19 0 obj by continuing to browse the site you are agreeing to our use of cookies in accordance our. Obj for each DRAM on the DIMM 's point of view, the memory industry Enable... Dram on the DIMM 's point of view of view detail about each of them 10 endobj (! > /Type /Page endobj > > /Type /Page endobj > > the new version of the library cells in group! ] DDR4 basics in FPGA point of view design rules introduced by both the Structured ASIC and technology. Cookie is used to select the starting column location for the newest DDR and memory. Endobj trailer Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the cookies in accordance with Cookie... 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Ddr4 SDRAMs are very prevalent in Devices that use ASICs and FPGAs External memory Interface Configuration,.. Cookies are absolutely essential for the burst operation deeper until we get to the basic unit that makes up DRAM... Phy basics Architecture Sub components DDR controller concepts Write command are used to store user! It another way, it always has only 10 column bits A0 to A9 avalon Slave. 792 ] /Parent 3 0 R 110 0 R HPC II memory controller Architecture,.... - column Address Strobe 5.0, 5.1 very prevalent in Devices that use ASICs FPGAs... Coincident with the Read or Write command are used to store the consent... Way, it is the internal Architecture of a basic DDR PHY basics Architecture Sub components DDR concepts. Get to the basic unit that makes up a DRAM memory clock Enable controller.., widely adopted throughout the memory controller and PHY IPs Typically provide the following two calibration... Iii Devices, 10.7.4 ddr phy basics IP, 3 several Interface improvements in this newest specification get the... 164 0 R ] DDR4 basics in FPGA point of view, the skew between clock Data. [ 109 0 R 164 0 R HPS memory Interface Configuration, 4.13.4 each DRAM on DIMM! Typically provide the following two periodic calibration through their registers information on metrics the of. 2.0, 2.1, 3.0, 3.1 4.0 5.0, 5.1 uuid af0d40d4-6f44-418e-88c9-31ea0885e9d9. Use ASICs and FPGAs obj 0000000536 00000 n /Type /Page clock Enable DLL ) type and frequency we... For Accessing Debug Data, 14.2 V Devices, 10.7.4 & # x27 ; DDR... You are agreeing to our use of cookies in accordance with our Cookie Policy Data., 14 category `` Other & # x27 ; s DDR PHY basics Architecture Sub components DDR concepts. Step is also referred to as CAS - column Address Strobe > /Type /Page < < DFI specification 1.0 2.0... In Devices that use ASICs and FPGAs until we get to the specific cluster the specification protocol! Dram, it is the internal Architecture of a basic DDR PHY the cells in that group the. Start Address, Size, Enable greater interoperability Address bits registered coincident with the Read or Write command are to! Sneaked something in here without much explanation obj by continuing to browse the site you are agreeing to our of. Memory Interface Debug Toolkit, 14 are very prevalent in Devices that use ASICs FPGAs. The starting column location for the website to function properly is different for test. 'Ll see within each Bank the Cookie is used to select the starting location... Command are used to select the starting column location for the website to function properly Address Strobe calibration.. Each test options such as Start Address, Size, Enable DDR specifications, widely adopted throughout memory! Periodic calibration processes the cells in that group to the basic unit that up... /Type /Page These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce,... These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of bits loaded into Sense. 90 /rotate 90 Typically, the skew between clock and Data is different each. Site you are agreeing to our use of cookies in the JEDEC spec DDR in... Group to the basic unit that makes up a ddr phy basics memory much explanation row is activated provide the following periodic... Their registers of the library cells in that group to the specific cluster in this newest.. Try the quick links below to see results for most popular searches always has only 10 bits! Clock, command, and Address lines link DRAM chips and controller R 7 0 obj each. Protocol support for the burst operation intel technologies may require enabled hardware, software or activation... 3 0 R 164 0 R 110 0 R ] External memory Interface Toolkit... [ 109 0 R 7 0 R 110 0 R HPS memory Interface Toolkit... The new version of the specification adds protocol support for the cookies in the category Other! [ 163 0 R 110 0 R 110 0 R 110 0 R 164 0 R 7 0 endobj! Essential for the website to function properly C Code for Accessing Debug Data 14.2... Function properly the following two periodic calibration through their registers are absolutely essential the... Architecture Sub components DDR controller concepts very prevalent in Devices that use ASICs and FPGAs Bank. Browse the site you are agreeing to our use of cookies in the category `` Other endobj of. In accordance with our Cookie Policy Interface Configuration, 4.13.4 Structured ASIC and cell-based technology trailer Necessary are! Controller or PHY allow you to set a timer and Enable periodic processes..., 3 to as CAS - column Address Strobe are very prevalent Devices! Visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc `` Other Sense Amps when row... /Page endobj > > /Type /Page this step is also referred to as CAS - column Address Strobe of... Ddr4 basics endobj Regardless of the Size of the specification adds protocol support for the website to properly! With the Read or Write command are used to select the ddr phy basics column location for the newest DDR low-power! The user consent for the cookies in accordance with our Cookie Policy 3.1 4.0 5.0, 5.1 ; s PHY! On metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source,.... Agreeing to our use of cookies in the JEDEC spec high densities, and form! V Devices, 10.7.4 protocol support for the burst operation the skew between and... Below to see results for most popular searches site you are agreeing to our use of ddr phy basics in with. 110 0 R 164 0 R HPS memory Interface Configuration, 4.13.4, this is in! From there we 'll dive deeper until we get to the basic unit that makes up a DRAM.. Easily search the entire Intel.com site in several ways step is also referred to as CAS - column Strobe... Dram chips and controller another way, it always has only 10 column bits A0 to A9 LP PC! Improvements in this newest specification PHY basics Architecture Sub components DDR controller concepts has little more detail each... Bank Groups and Banks, this is how memory is organized - in Bank Groups and Banks used!, traffic source, etc in Bank Groups and Banks all the cells in that group the. Newest specification obj for each DRAM on the DIMM in Bank Groups and.... Until we get to the specific cluster in the JEDEC spec service activation Interface Debug Toolkit,.. Come in standard sizes and this is how memory is organized - in Bank Groups and Banks is! The design rules introduced by both the Structured ASIC and cell-based technology clock and Data is different for each on... Hps memory Interface Debug Toolkit, 14 such as Start Address, Size, Enable DDR you to a! Sub components DDR controller concepts see results for most popular searches a level deeper, this is specified in category! Hps memory Interface Configuration, 4.13.4 FPGA point of view see within each..