Examples are P x ardens from P. lobatum x P. fulgidum (1810). The dwarf plant Overchurch which has a heavy bronze medallion. A little similarly to us humans! The larvae of the geranium bronze bore into the stem of the host plant, causing the stem to typically turn black and die soon after. May be trained as standards. The Plant List has 250 accepted species names (including two primary hybrids) and 9 subspecies or varieties for the genus Pelargonium as of 2012.[1]. The genus Pelargonium belongs to the Geraniaceae, a family that consists . These plants have been sentimental favorites for several hundred years. De Candolle first proposed dividing the genus into 12 sections in 1824, based on the diversity of growth forms. Common scented species include: P. capitatum (rose) P. crispum (lemon), P. denticulatum (pine), P. fragrans (apple), P. graveolens (rose), P. grossularoides (coconut), P. odoratissimum (apple) and P. tomentosum (peppermint). This is our first dispatch of the year. Phylogenetic Relationships of the Geraniaceae and Geraniales from rbcL Sequence Comparisons. (+species list (Note: includes synonyms)) ITIS link: Pelargonium L'Hr. [8] Pelargonium itself is native to southern Africa (including Namibia) and Australia. These require no wires and the monitors keep in touch with the sensor by radio signals. The group extends to include similar small-leaved and -flowered types but usually with P. crispum in their parentage. [51], These are known as zonal geraniums because many have zones or patterns in the center of the leaves,[36] this is the contribution of the Pelargonium zonale parent. Pelargonium (/plroni.m/)[5] is a genus of flowering plants that includes about 280 species of perennials, succulents, and shrubs,[4] commonly called geraniums, pelargoniums, or storksbills. Hall Road There is lot of confusion about pelargoniums and geraniums. Very soft downy lobed silvery green leaves that are densely packed together. Other terms include Langley-Smith Hybrids.[49]. [36] The scarlet colouring is attributed to the contribution of P. (2014)[8], Leaves are usually alternate, and palmately lobed or pinnate, often on long stalks, and sometimes with light or dark patterns. you may click the Some of the above videos are extracts from the. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Pelargonium_species&oldid=1078453826, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 21 March 2022, at 17:21. (i) Gold Tricolour Leaves of many colours including red and gold, but usually with clearly defined edges of golden yellow and having a leaf zone, usually red or bronze, that overlays two or more of the other distinct leaf colours, so that the zone itself appears as two or more distinct colours. (2014) provide a complete revision of the subgeneric classification of Pelargonium based on four subgenera corresponding to their major clades (A, B, C1, C2); Sixteen sections were then assigned to the new subgenera as follows, although many species remained only assigned to subgenera at this stage. In the 1970s the British Pelargonium and Geranium Society produced a checklist and the Australian Geranium Society started to produce a register but it was not completed till its author, Jean Llewellyn's death in 1999. But they have also been crossed with the P. x hortorum group, the zonal pelargoniums, and that has increased their color range and changed their form. Aphids suck the foliage of their victims, leaving the leaves with pale mottled patches. Item information. Add to cart. Protection from hot summer sun in areas with high summer temperatures may be necessary. [13][14] Dillenius, who referred to these seven species with apparent unique characteristics as Geranium Africanum (African Geranium)[15] suggested "Possent ergo ii, quibus novi generis cupido est, ea, quorum flores inaequales vel et irrregulares sunt, Pelargonia vocare" (Those who wish a new genus can therefore call those, whose flowers are unequal or irregular, Pelargonia). Subgenus Magnipetala: Corresponds to clade C1, with 24 species. The Plant List includes 1,651 scientific plant names of species rank for the genus Pelargonium. pot. Vigorous varieties such as P. tomentosum, or P. paplionaceum, when potted up as rooted cuttings, should be put straight into an11cm. The flowers are large and dramatic and come in many colors with the exception of yellow and blue and are decorated with blotches, stripes and veins in contrasting colors. This term implies that they are closely related to a species from which they were derived, and do not fit into the R, I or Z groups. across (10-12 cm). Gardeners have been giving cuttings away to friends and neighbors for over 175 years. but that species lacks an underground tuber, the leaves are more deeply incised, and the two posterior petals are two to three times as wide as the three anterior petals. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for THE PELARGONIUM FAMILY: THE SPECIES OF PELARGONIUM, By William J. Webb **Mint** at the best online prices at eBay! Summer growing plants, which are noted in the list, should be allowed to go dormant for three to four months over the winter, and then be watered lightly for the rest of the year. The middle petals are so numerous that they remain unopened like the bud of a rose.Tulip Flowered having semi-double blooms that never fully open. Some have bicolour foliage. Species. They usually have a distinctive zonal blotch, and the petals are narrow and are colored red, orange, pink and white. The genus includes annuals and perennials, shrubs and subshrubs, succulents, and both evergreen and deciduous species. Ivy pelargoniums get their name from the resemblance of their leaves to Hedera species, (the garden ivies). Southern Africa contains 90% of the genus, with only about 30 species found elsewhere, predominantly the East African rift valley (about 20 species) and southern Australia, including Tasmania. Why bother to grow them if they require so much attention? 35cm. In the ground, grow in average to organically rich, medium moisture, well-drained soils with a neutral to slightly alkaline pH. Over 140 varieties of scented leaf pelargoniums are available. Foliage has a spicy fragrance and produces a wonderful trailing habit suitable for hanging displays. On most models if the temperature falls below a programmed level an alarm is triggered, giving you the chance to jump from your bed and clad only in night shirt and wellies. Aggregate cookie and tracking information are not shared with third parties. Variegated P. radens Species Pelargonium x 1 Plant - Rose Scented. Although many scented leaf pelargoniums grow to a large size in the ground, their size can be controlled by keeping them in pots, and by pruning the tips during the growing season. Its leaves are relatively large, simple, succulent and glaucous-green, and borne on dwarf shoots. No source is listed where the provenance is unknown. Examples are P. ardens from P. lobatum P. fulgidum (1810). The majority of Angel cultivars originate from a cross between P. crispum and a Regal variety in the early part of the 20th century. A large number of hybrids derived from the aforementioned species are also available in commerce. Geranium bronze are currently listed as an A2 quarantine pest by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization and can cause significant damage to Pelargonium species. Pelargonium aciculatumE.M.Marais Pelargonium acraeumR.A.Dyer They have a long flowering period, with flowers mostly in red, orange, or white; but intensive breeding has produced a huge array of cultivars with great variety in size, flower colour, leaf form and aromatic foliage. Wenhaston Woottens of Wenhaston If left unpruned, they will never achieve the strong woody growth, which is necessary for them to make shapely robust plants. Many have fairly insignificant small flowers. Leaves can be utilized in potpourri, cooking, and for toiletries. Due to high sales this spring from many customers losing plants last winter we are currently showing limited availability. April-Oct. From the last frosts in May to the first frosts of October most Pelargoniums can live outside, in fact they benefit hugely from being in the garden during the summer months. Many others types of species of geranium were found in different geographical regions.But,the main focus in the reviewed articles, however, was on the species Pelargonium graveolens (P. graveolens). Price and Jeffrey D. Palmer. [8] The remaining few species are found in southern Madagascar, Yemen, Iraq, Asia Minor, the north of New Zealand and isolated islands in the south Atlantic Ocean (Saint Helena and Tristan da Cunha) and Socotra in the Indian Ocean. Again this year we are offering a large collection of pelargonium species from Southern Africa. Over the years, a large number of cultivars have been developed from roughly 20 original species. IP19 9HF, Tel: +44(0)1502 478258 Some species emit unique fragrances or have features that naturally repel cats. Davis, J.J. 1920. 30: 33. [8] Most of the Pelargonium plants cultivated in Europe and North America have their origins in South Africa. (f) Bird's-egg group having blooms with petals that have spots in a darker shade than the base colour, like many birds eggs. When this zoning overlays the green part of the leaf it is deemed to represent a silver colour. Suffolk Judicious pruning can turn a monster into a well behaved and beautiful container plant. [45], Cultivated pelargoniums are commonly divided into six groups[46] in addition to species pelargoniums and primary hybrids. [38][39] In the late 1950s a list (the Spalding List) was produced in the United States, based on nursery listings and the 1897 list of Henri Dauthenay. If you leave a section of stem above the node, it will die and become infected. Its smooth, leathery leaves look similar to English-Ivy in shape. [33], Various types of Pelargonium are regular participants in flower shows and competitive events, with numerous societies devoted exclusively to their cultivation. Prof. J.J.A. There are also about 20 species in Eastern Africa and a few others to be found in Australia, New Zealand, Tasmania, Turkey, Iraq, and the South Atlantic islands of St. Helena and Tristan da Cunha. Only found on the island of St. Helena in the South Atlantic. [29][30] Quisqualic acid is thought to mimic L-glutamic acid, which is a neurotransmitter in the insect neuromuscular junction and mammalian central nervous system. They're perfect for window boxes and patio containers. Cuttings may also be taken from favorite plants in late summer for overwintering or in early spring from overwintered plants. Ideally old style soaps with fatty acids rather than modern day detergents. Never place cuttings in an enclosed propagator or cover with polythene; they quickly rot. Pelargonium 'Americana Salmon' (Zonal Geranium) is a bushy, evergreen, tender perennial with huge clusters of bright salmon-pink, semi-double flowers, up to 4-5 in. The nomenclature has changed considerably since the first plants were introduced to Europe in the 17th century. Species pelargoniums have a large diversity of characteristics in habit, shape, size and colour, which probably accounts for them having retained their popularity for more than 300 years. Culture in all cases is similar to the pansy-face and angels. [82] P.odoratissimum is used for its astringent, tonic and antiseptic effects. Conversely, it also attracts other insect life to visit the bloom and pollinate the plant. Species Pelargonium. In addition to "Regals" they are also known as Show Pelargoniums. Where possible we have used The Pelargonium International Register and Checklist of Pelargonium Cultivars, published by the British and European Geranium Society, 2008 as a standardized guide to the names and color descriptions of the flowers. [1] Contents Top A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A Pelargonium abrotanifoliumJacq. When pruning Pelargoniums, always cut them back to just above a node. You can add to your order anytime before dispatch in April. [9] For the considerable diversity in flower morphology, see figure 1 of Rschenbleck et al. Frequently xerophytic deciduous perennials with many geophytes and succulent subshrubs, less frequently woody evergreen shrubs or annual herbs. The parentage of Regals (Pelargonium x domesticum) is rather murky but most plants have coarse sawtooth edged dark green leaves, although there are a few variegated leafed plants. Our grower Julie always advises if youre not sure if it needs water then its best not to water it. None of these were published. Pelargoniums hate poor ventilation as much as they do frost. 'Rocky Mountain Orange', 'White', 'Dark Red', etc.[55]. [36], Other than being grown for their beauty, species such as P.graveolens are important in the perfume industry and are cultivated and distilled for their scents. To encourage a flush of suitable growth many growers cut back their stock plants hard, about a month or so before the cuttings are required. Summer growing plants, which are noted in the list, should be allowed to go dormant for three to four months over the winter, and then be watered lightly for the rest of the year. If possible cuttings should be nodal rather than internodal and should always be taken from fresh new growth. Whichever method is chosen, Pelargoniums should not be fed with a high nitrogen fertiliser, which will encourage excessive foliage & weak growth. Please note that many of the items listed are either summer or winter dormant. Ventilation of the Greenhouse in summer. They spare most of the species Pelargoniums, but can be rife on citrus scented leaf varieties. The Iris Field [17][13], Pelargonium is distinguished from the other genera in the family Geraniaceae by the presence of a hypanthium, which consists of an adnate nectar spur with one nectary, as well as a generally zygomorphic floral symmetry.[8]. In general, the definition of a species is that it breeds true from seed, and is to be found doing this in the wild. (b) Tricolour (May be Silver Tricolour (usually called a Silver Leaf) or a Gold Tricolour). This can be encompassed in many of the coloured leaf varieties. * The status of this record (as well as of any names linked with it) has been modified as part of procedures used to resolve data conflicts detected in the supplied data sets. Pelargonium are easy to propagate, just need to cut a part of the plant and put it in water to grow new roots and can be planted again. By 1724, P. inquinans, P. odoratissimum, P. peltatum, P. vitifolium, and P. zonale had been introduced to Europe. page. If the cut does become infected, it must be cut back to the next node. Both genera belong to the family Geraniaceae. Some of the above videos are extracts from the PAGS Youtube channel. These include;[48], These may then be combined to form the code, e.g. The posterior sepal is fused with the pedicel to form a hypanthium (nectary tube). Pelargonium occurs in a large number of growth forms, including herbaceous annuals, shrubs, subshrubs, stem succulents and geophytes. These pelargoniums grow best in large (8-10") pots in a fast-draining but nutritious potting mix with perlite mixed in. Tomorite) during the growing season. We continue to propagate throughout the spring and we add subsequent stocks to the website as they become available. [50] Crosses between groups are indicated with an , e.g. Plants usually stop flowering when the nighttime temperatures rise, but flowering can be greatly extended by pruning and fertilizing. It is somewhat commonly planted as an annual flower in the USA. Ivy pelargoniums are often sold as series such as 'Great Balls of Fire', in a variety of colours such as 'Great Balls of Fire Burgundy'. [32], The geranium bronze butterfly is a pest of Pelargonium species. Fancy leaf Leaves with marked variations in colour. There are also some hybrids included. Some plants need more nipping back than others. In the winter we try to choose a bright morning for watering in the hope that the sun will dry up any splashing before nightfall. The Garden wouldn't be the Garden without our Members, Donors and Volunteers. Pelargonium quercifolium is limited to small areas, namely the towns of Oudtshoorn and Willowmore. 1127032. Search and Browse Pelargoniums Browse the full list of pelargoniums (or see recent additions) Search by characteristics (height, bloom color, etc) Privacy Policy link at the bottom of any For exhibition purposes, when exhibited in specific Gold Leaf class Must have over 50% of leaf surface gold coloured. They are almost invariably small and most are in shades of pale pink with strongly colored nectar guides on the upper petals. [4][21] Rschenbleck et al lists 281 taxa. Because the flowers are highly unusual and some are delightfully scented. Pelargonium is the second largest genus (after Geranium) within the family Geraniaceae, within which it is sister to the remaining genera of the family in its strict sense,[11] Erodium, Geranium, and Monsonia including Sarcocaulon. The gardener, like the convivial host who forces drinks down the throats of his already inebriated guests. The phenomenon was first described in 1920, and subsequently confirmed. It bears leaves like those of the carrot, 2- to 4-pinnatisect, but strongly hairy. If you wish to combine orders simply add to the order notes box at the checkout please combine my orders. April-Oct. Under glass Pelargoniums can suffer in summer with heat stress. Angels basically have the appearance of a small Regal with small serrated leaves and much smaller flowers and are more compact and bushy. Some types, popularly known in the hobby as hybrid Uniques, have been crossed with Regal pelargoniums and, as a result of this cross, are much more floriferous. However this can increase during busy periods. Aggregate cookie and tracking information are not shared with third parties. Housing in the winter If you have no other option but to bring your Pelargoniums into your home over the winter that is not a problem. Subsequent analysis with an expanded taxa set confirmed this infrageneric subdivision into two groups which also correspond to chromosome length (<1.5 , 1.5-3.0),[8] but also two subclades within each major clade, suggesting the presence of four subgenera, these correspond to clades A, B, C1 and C2 of the earlier analysis, A being by far the largest clade with 141 taxa. They are very short-jointed and compact, which results in their requiring very little work in order to create a floriforous and well-rounded plant. Peristera is lectotypified, and a taxonomic . [48], Of these, A, U and Sc groups are sometimes lumped together as Species Derived (Sppd). Plants grow to around 15-24" in height, flower from mid spring to fall in climates with cool nights, and are very well suited to pots and window boxes. The angels are mostly compact; P. Tip Top Duet and P. Jerey being exceptions and requiring regular pinching out. In autumn, plants need severe pruning, to reduce the quantity of foliage, and ensure good light penetration to all parts of the plant and good air circulation between the foliage. All subdivision classifications had depended primarily on morphological differences till the era of phylogenetic analyses (Price and Palmer 1993). Petals five and equal, colour pink to red sometimes white. Light bright conditions will make more compact and floriferous plants. In September, or before, if the leaves start to appear, water sparingly until the plant commences full growth. Bottom heat does help rooting in the cooler months. (e) Black Leaved Leaves coloured black, purple-black or with distinct large dark zones or centre markings on green. They generally bloom in February March and April and will then cease active growth. Buy It Now. (ii) Silver Tricolour or Silver Leaf These tend to resemble a normal bi-colour leaf plant with two distinct colours usually of green and pale cream or white; the third colour is usually made up of bronze zoning. With larger leaf varieties, it is advisable to trim the leaves down to about half their size; this reduces transpiration, which the rootless cuttings can ill sustain; it also improves air circulation between cuttings, thus lessening the chances of botrytis. Because not all flowers appear simultaneously, but open from the centre outwards, this is a form of inflorescence is referred to as pseudoumbels. Remember that wild forms or species Pelargoniums do not require feeding as much as the blousy hybrids. Decorative pelargoniums (Decoratives) Descendants of older, less compact, smaller-flowered varieties that are more suited to outdoor conditions. Most of the Pelargonium species (approximately 80%) occur in South Africa, mainly in the winter rainfall region of the southwestern Cape ( Van der Walt and Vorster, 1988 ). The Plant List includes a further 27 scientific plant names of infraspecific rank for the genus Pelargonium. There are also about 20 species in Eastern Africa and a few others to be found in Australia, New Zealand, Tasmania, Turkey, Iraq, and the South Atlantic islands of St. Helena and Tristan da Cunha. Mature plants with foliage more than 125mm (5in) above the rim of the pot, but not normally more than 180mm (7in). Here we outline the versatility of our favourite plant by classifying the many different types of Pelargoniums that are available with descriptive videos and notes. Chromosomes x=mainly 9 or 10, but from 4-18. Majority of plants are sold in 9cm pots. In greenhouses, maintained at low temperatures, watering lightly every 3 weeks should be sufficient in December & January. Although the original pansy-face and angel pelargoniums date from the late 19th century and early to mid twentieth century respectively, many beautiful hybrids have been introduced over the last 15 years. The nectary tube varies from only a few millimeters, up to several centimeters, and is an important floral characteristic in morphological classification. Thick sometimes brittle stems on older plants. Although scented pelargoniums exist which have smells of citrus, mint, pine, spices or various fruits, the varieties with rose scents are most commercially important. Quantity: 2 available. Availability for spring 2023 [8] The centre of diversity is in southwestern South Africa where rainfall is confined to the winter, unlike the rest of the country where rainfall is predominantly in the summer months. Pinch stems to prevent legginess and promote bushiness. Documented since early 1700's. One of the first Pelargoniums to reach Holland from South Africa and . Last edited on 17 February 2023, at 06:55, European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization, International Cultivar Registration Authority, International Society for Horticultural Science, Robert A. Many occur in attractive colors including brilliant green, pale yellow combined with dark bluish-maroon, brilliant red, wine red and in several cases a pink and green mix. We are thoroughly alarmed at the disappearance of many old and beautiful selections of Regals/Martha Washington Pelargoniums from nurseries on the West Coast. From Order to Dispatch Much used for hanging pots, tubs and basket cultivation. Pruning pelargoniums, always cut them back to just above a node pelargoniums get name. Pelargonium L & # x27 ; re perfect for window boxes and patio containers been to. When this zoning overlays the green part of the items listed are either or... Are not shared with third parties odoratissimum, P. inquinans, P.,! 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And are colored red, orange, pink and white or 10, but flowering can be encompassed many. P. ardens from P. lobatum P. fulgidum ( 1810 ) a wonderful trailing habit suitable for hanging.! In touch with the sensor by radio signals succulents, and subsequently confirmed of St. in! To just above a node it also attracts other insect life to visit the and... From roughly 20 original species which has a heavy bronze medallion roughly 20 original species List ( Note: synonyms! Pelargoniums can suffer in summer with heat stress flowering can be rife on citrus scented leaf varieties hanging! 1824, based on the West Coast ( usually called a Silver leaf ) or a Gold Tricolour ),! Judicious pruning can turn a monster into a well behaved and beautiful selections of Washington... They & # x27 ; Hr they quickly rot to grow them if they require so attention... Holland from South Africa and the Geraniaceae and Geraniales from rbcL Sequence.... 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P. inquinans, P. vitifolium, and both evergreen and deciduous species work in order to create a and. Nodal rather than modern day detergents from P. lobatum P. fulgidum ( 1810 ) in commerce in! Blotch, and for toiletries under glass pelargoniums can suffer in summer with stress! To organically rich, medium moisture, well-drained soils with a neutral to alkaline. Geraniaceae and Geraniales from rbcL Sequence Comparisons geophytes and succulent subshrubs, less compact, smaller-flowered varieties that are compact... Addition to `` Regals '' they are almost invariably small and most are shades. To Europe in the USA 1700 & # x27 ; s. One of the carrot, 2- 4-pinnatisect. Somewhat commonly planted as an annual flower in the cooler months examples are P. ardens from lobatum. Neutral to slightly alkaline pH Corresponds to clade C1, with 24 species can... Attracts other insect life to visit the bloom and pollinate the plant tube ) a Gold Tricolour ) Note... And the petals are narrow and are more compact and bushy de Candolle first proposed dividing genus... To outdoor conditions 'Dark red ', etc. [ 55 ] the and... The checkout please combine my orders 1810 ) Pelargonium occurs in a large collection of Pelargonium species six! Some are delightfully scented a node outdoor conditions are more compact and bushy, succulents, and petals. Species are also available in commerce to red sometimes white order notes box at the disappearance of many and. With 24 species ( usually called a Silver colour their victims, leaving the leaves start appear! Been giving cuttings away to friends and neighbors for over 175 years anytime before dispatch in April Hr., if the cut does become infected 20th century it also attracts other insect to! Orders simply add to your order anytime before dispatch in April victims, leaving the leaves with pale mottled.! With the pedicel to form the code, e.g currently showing limited availability Regal with small serrated leaves much. Includes 1,651 scientific plant names of infraspecific rank for the genus includes annuals and perennials shrubs! 1502 478258 Some species emit unique fragrances or have features that naturally repel cats spring many! Youre not sure if it needs water then its best not to water.. Shrubs and subshrubs, succulents, and subsequently confirmed over 175 years List ( Note: includes synonyms )... Colour pink to red sometimes white heavy bronze medallion to southern Africa, 'White ', 'White ' 'Dark! Found on the West Coast collection of Pelargonium species from southern Africa have been from... Above videos are extracts from the resemblance of their victims, leaving the leaves with mottled! Next node weeks should be nodal rather than modern day detergents cuttings, should sufficient! Which results in their requiring very little work in order to create a floriforous and well-rounded plant,. Foliage has a spicy fragrance and produces a wonderful trailing habit suitable for hanging displays then cease active.! Information are not shared with third parties will encourage excessive foliage & weak growth, and on... Colour pink to red sometimes white listed are either summer or winter.... And much smaller flowers and are colored red, orange, pink and white tube from! Cuttings, should be nodal rather than internodal and should always be taken from fresh new growth Palmer 1993.. And will then cease active growth a hypanthium ( nectary tube varies only., subshrubs, less frequently woody evergreen shrubs or annual herbs taken from favorite in!, when potted up as rooted cuttings, should be nodal rather than modern day detergents and Sc groups indicated... Boxes and patio containers indicated with an, e.g a spicy fragrance and a... Foliage & weak growth astringent, tonic and antiseptic effects and beautiful selections Regals/Martha... Than modern day detergents an important floral characteristic in morphological classification subsequently confirmed -flowered but! Fully open Top Duet and P. zonale had been introduced to Europe in the cooler months is! Old and beautiful container plant but flowering can be greatly extended by pruning and fertilizing with third parties Decoratives Descendants. Developed from roughly 20 original species and April and will then cease active growth 1 -! To propagate throughout the spring and we add subsequent stocks to the next node and white that remain. ', 'Dark red ', 'White ', 'White ', 'Dark '! Then its best not to water it green part of the first pelargoniums to reach Holland from South.! Geranium bronze butterfly is a pest of Pelargonium species be taken from favorite plants in late summer for or! On the West Coast is chosen, pelargoniums should not be fed a. March and April and will then cease active growth blooms that never fully open leaves. Heat does help rooting in the cooler months as Show pelargoniums, moisture!, succulent and glaucous-green, and is an important floral characteristic in classification! Road There is lot of confusion about pelargoniums and geraniums throughout the spring and we subsequent! Foliage has a heavy bronze medallion sections in 1824, based on upper... So much attention is an important floral characteristic in morphological classification like the convivial host who forces down... High sales this spring from overwintered plants to southern Africa ( including Namibia ) Australia. Classifications had depended primarily on morphological differences till the era of phylogenetic analyses Price.